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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how did collectivisation change farming in the 1930s |
changed to one big farm, farmed by several families instead of individual small farms
used modern technology tractors provided by the state instead of working traditionally
peasants had production targets for their crops, before they had grown what they wanted and as much as they wanted |
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why did peasants object to collectivisation |
because of the revolution, peasants had gained their own land. under the NEP peasants could sell their extra crops and make profit. so they opposed collectivisation as it threatened their independence
it was forced on the peasants. the peasants reacted by killing livestock and burning crops- many peasants sent to labour camps
disliked being told what to do and what animals to breed
they did not want to work set hours or be fined for not obeying the rules |
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what was collectivisation |
stalins agricultural policy which tried to transform peasant agriculture into a communist food production system |
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effects of collectivisation |
made people rebel as forced to obey rules. peasant resentment increased across countryside. they didn't try to work new machinery
produced starvation because peasants burnt their crops and slaughtered their livestock. 3m people starved during this famine
made state control of food easier. state now kept and gave out extra food stocks |
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when |
5YP's which were production targets for the whole country
set high targets for tractors and combine harvesters
propaganda was used to encourage production targets. state planning committee for the 5YPs publicised achievements of good workers who over exceeded targets. eg Stakhanovites Stakhanov |
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when was first 5yp |
1928-32 |
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what did first 5yp do |
set iron steel coal oil and electricity targets |
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when was second 5yp |
1933-1937 |
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what did the second 5yp do |
same industries plus railways tractors and harvesters |
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when was second 5yp |
1938-1941 |
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what did third 5yp do |
included consumer items like radios |
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what were some problems of industrialisation (1) |
lack of skilled workers. many not properly trained. so everything was poor quality. lots of wasted machinery. machinery was faulty |
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what was a problem with industrialisation (2) |
production targets were constantly reviewed which made planning difficult |
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what was a problem with industrialisation (3) |
Stakhanovite workers were sent to factories to encourage production and explain new production methods and ways of working efficiently. competition encouraged workers to focus on quantity and not quality |
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what was a problem with industrialisation (4) |
the reward system. workers aiming for high productivity (which was rewarded, not good quality work) |
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explain the effects of the revolution on the lives of women in the USSR |
new government passed laws that were all about equality. so women could vote and got equal pay
they got help with going to work- nurseries and free child care and canteens and laundries
even though there was not enough help as there were long waiting lists. this was a big change from their lives before the revolution where there was no help provided at all |
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was the Stakhanovite movement the main reason for the rapid expansion of soviet industry in the 1930s |
encouraged workers to reach high production targets. new techniques and working ways explained. workers who did better were rewarded. hard work paid off
Gosplan: set the targets to ensure progress was made quickly. because everyone had targets everyone could try to beat them
5yps prioritised key industries and set targets. helped to develop other industries later
women were needed to work in the growing number of factories. helped meet the desperate need for workers |
