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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why did the US dislike the formation of soviet satellite states? |
it increased the soviet sphere of influence. they also saw it as a violation of the yalta and potsdam conferences, as the countries weren't given elections. |
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how did the soviet union ensure that countries became communist? |
they fixed elections, executed non-communist politicians, used the secret police and intimidated voters to ensure that the countries were under the sphere of influence of the soviet union |
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how did the US attempt to contain communism? |
the truman doctrine and the marshall plan |
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why did the soviet union want satellite states? |
to create a buffer zone |
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what was the truman doctrine? |
how the US ensured that communism would be contained; they offered financial and military assistance to countries at risk of turning communist |
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why was the US so desperate to contain communism? |
they thought that more countries turning communist would increase the liklihood of other countries across europe turning too |
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why was the US able to provide assistance to other countries? |
they joined the war later |
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how much money did the marshall plan give to countries across europe? |
$13 billion |
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how many countries received aid from the marshall plan? |
sixteen |
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what was one condition of the marshall plan? |
countries that received aid must trade with the US |
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why did the soviet union criticise the marshall plan? |
they saw it as an attack on them and communist control in europe |
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when was cominform set up? |
1947 |
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in what year were the marshall plan and the truman doctrine created? |
1947 |
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what was the function of cominform? |
it organised all european communist parties and arranged their leadership so they were fully under soviet control, causing them to do things like reject help from the marshall plan. |
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in what year was comecon created? |
1949 |
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what did comecon do? |
created strong trade links between comecon countries, while preventing them from signing up to the marshall plan |
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when was NATO set up? |
1949 |
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how did the soviet union respond to NATO? |
by setting up the warsaw pact |
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what was NATO? |
a military alliance directed against a possible attack from the soviet union |
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when was the warsaw pact set up? |
1955 |
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why was NATO set up? |
the US feared soviet attack after their development of the atomic bomb |
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what were three causes of the hungarian uprising? |
- hungary's food was being shipped off to the soviet union - rakosi, nicknamed 'the bald butcher', was very unpopular - any opposition to the communist party was eliminated |
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when did the hungarian uprising happen? |
1956 |
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how did khrushchev try to prevent uprisings in hungary? |
by appointing nagy as the prime minister |
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what did nagy want to do after being appointed as the prime minister of hungary? |
- leave the warsaw pact - hold free elections |
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why did the soviet union not want hungary to leave the warsaw pact? |
they were worried other countries would follow and leave the warsaw pact too, reducing soviet control |
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how did khrushchev try to prevent hungary from leaving the warsaw pact? |
he sent 200,000 troops to hungary to try and remove nagy |
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what were the consequences of the soviet union's invasion of hungary? |
- 5000 hungarians and 1000 soviets were killed - nagy was removed from power, then executed - kadar was appointed as leader and started his 15 point programme to reestablish communist rule in hungary |
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how did the US help hungary during the hungarian uprising? |
- they offered money and medical aid - they accepted 80,000 hungarian refugees |
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why didn't the US send in troops to help hungary during the hungarian uprising? |
they didn't want to risk nuclear war with the soviet union |
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what was the refugee problem in berlin? |
between 1949 and 1961, 2.7 million hungarian's crossed from the east to the west, due to better living standards; this was called the brain dump |
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when did khrushchev put forward his berlin ultimatum, and what did it ask? |
november 1958 that all troops must leave east berlin within six months |
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when was the berlin wall constructed? |
august 1961 |
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why was the berlin walk built? |
- khrushchev wanted to show power, but didn't want to risk a nuclear war - the east wanted to stop workers from leaving |
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why did cuba's relationship with the US deteriorate after 1959, and why did cuba's relationship with the soviets improve? |
- cuba had a socialist revolution in 1959, and the US didn't want to deal with that new government - cuba began trading soviet oil for cuban sugar, building economic links |
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what were short term consequences of the cuban missile crisis? |
- the US announced it wouldn't invade cuba again - the soviet union was made to look weak, leading to brezhnev replacing khrushchev as leader |
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what were long term consequences of the cuban missile crisis? |
- a hotline was created between washington and moscow - the limited test ban treaty meant nuclear weapons could only be tested underground - the outer space treaty of 1967 limited the deployment of nuclear weapons into space - the nuclear non-proliferation treaty of 1968 prevented nuclear weapons being given to other countries it lead to détente |
