History 141 Exam 1 Study Guide

Front 1

Bartoleme de las Casas (4)

Back 1

-transcribed Columbus' journal
-one of few written sources from the time period of the early Spanish colonialization of the "New World"
-explained in detail the barbarity with which the Spanish enslaved the Native Americans
-wrote "History of the Indies"

Front 2

Herman Cortes/Hernando Cortez (3)

Back 2

1519
-first to really encounter America
-arrived in Tenochtitlan and was amazed
-by enlisting the aid of the Aztecs and with advanced technology (especially iron) he takes the capital

Front 3

The Mayflower Compact (2)

Back 3

November 21, 1620
-consensual form of government (not a formal constitution)
-41 pilgrims made a formal agreement to abide by laws made by leaders of their own choosing

Front 4

Jamestown (3)

Back 4

early 1600's
-grew tobacco but these colonists weren't farmers which made it hard to create sustainable life in the new land
-swamplands near town gave rise to malaria
-no sense of unity since the towns were few and the farms were spread out

Front 5

The Puritans (4)

Back 5

-dislike Catholicism and Anglicanism
-want independent local congregations
-believe each individual should read the Bible on their own and have a personal relationship with God (less ritual)
-believe women and children obedience to the family patriarch is key to making society function

Front 6

Salem Witch Trials (2)

Back 6

1692
-Sarah Good, Sarah Osbourn, and Tituba were seen as being "possessed" and were accused of being witches
-those accused were usually the poor

Front 7

William Penn (4)

Back 7

-given a slot of land from the king as payment
-Penn found Pennsylvania
-wanted a colony that emphasized harmony and believed in keeping peace with the Native Americans
-wanted his people to be virtuous but not necessarily under the same religion

Front 8

The Middle Passage (3)

Back 8

-a total of 12 million enslaved Africans were shipped, but only 10 million made the trip alive
-the transatlantic voyage was grueling as the slaves were crammed in the ships (unable to move), lying in their own waste, and tossed overboard if they became ill
-most were shipped to Brazil and the English colonies

Front 9

Sugar Act (3)

Back 9

1764
-reduced tax on molasses imported to North America
-put new taxes on imports of foreign textiles
-established new mechanism to stop smuggling

Front 10

Stamp Act (3)

Back 10

-stamp tax where revenue stamps had to be purchased and placed on all printed matter and legal documents between the colonies
-made the well-educated people angry who are not good enemies to have because they wrote about it
-was enacted on February 13, 1765 and was to go into effect on November 1 but it never did

Front 11

American advantages (6)

Back 11

-knew the area
-had help from civilians around them
-used to hard labor; farmers and skilled men are good with their hands and know the basic skills that are useful for war
-a lot of land to fight and then wait out in
-had French support
-used to the conditions (weather and surroundings)

Front 12

American disadvantages (3)

Back 12

-small pox
-don't have a lot of necessary resources (Valley Forge)
-outnumbered

Front 13

British advantages (4)

Back 13

-great navy that could ship soldiers and goods
-well trained soldiers (knew how to fight)
-better weapons/technology
-more soldiers

Front 14

British disadvantages (4)

Back 14

-far location
-enemies from previous wars (just got out of the French-Indian War)
-cocky
-turned a lot of loyalists into rebels because they mistreated civilians and sexually assaulted women, etc