History 1301 Terms For Final

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Ostend Manifesto

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A confidential 1845 dispatch to the U.S. St Dept from Amer diplomats meeting in Ostend, Belgium, suggesting that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain refused to sell it to the U.S. When word of the document was leaked, N'ners seethed at this "slaveholders plot" to extend slavery

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Fugitive Slave Act

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Initially, a 1793 law to encourage the return of many runaway slaves; this law was amended, as part of the Compromise of 1850, so as to auth fed commissioners to compel citizens to assist in the return of runaway (fugitive) slaves. The law offended N'ners and its non-enforcement offended S'ners.

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Webster-Ashburton Treaty

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A treaty between the U.S. and Britain, signed in 1842, that settled the controversy over the Maine-Canada boundary. The treaty allowed Canada to build a military road from Halifax to Quebec while the U.S. got most of the disputed territory

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Whigs

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Originally a reference to British politicians who sought to exclude the Catholic Duke of York from succession to the throne in the 1760s; in the U.S. after 1830s, it referred to a political party that opposed the Jacksonian Democrats and favored a strong role for the natl govt, especially in promoting economic growth

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War Hawks

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Young congressional leaders who in 1811 and 1812 called for war against Great Britain as the only way to defend the natl honor

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XYZ Affair

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A political furor caused by French diplomats who in 1797 demanded a bribe before they would enter into negotiations with their American counterparts; some Federalists, furious over this assault on natl honor, called for war

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Washington's Farewell Address

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Prez Washington's influential 1796 speech in which he deplored the rise of political factions and warned against "permanent alliances" with foreign nations

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Federalist Papers

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A series of essays, chiefly written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, explaining and defending the national government proposed by the Constitutional Convention of 1787

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Federalists

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Advocates of a strong natl govt; they supported ratification of the Constitution and subsequently supported measures to expand federal revenues and functions

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New Jersey Plan

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The proposal to the Constit Conven of 1787 by NJ delegate Wm Paterson to create a fed legis in which each st was represented equally. The concept became embodied in the US Constit through the Senate, in which each st had 2 representatives, though this was counterbalanced by the H of Reps, in which each st's representation was proportional to its population

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Virginia Plan

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An initiative, proposed by James Madison of VA, calling on the Constit Conven to declare that seats in the fed legis would be proportionate to a st's population, a concept that caused smaller sts to propose a NJ plan in which each st would have the same # of representatives. The controversy was resolved in the Great Compromise

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Shay's Rebellion

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An armed rebellion of western Mass farmers in 1786 to prevent state courts from foreclosing on debtors. Nationalists saw such unrest as proof of the inadequacy of the fed govt under the Articles of Confederation

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Republican party

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One of the original two political parties, sometimes called "Democratic Republican" it was organized by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson and originally stood for st's rts, an agrarian economy and the interests of farmers and planters over those of financial and commercial groups, who generally supported the Federalist party; both of the original parties faded in the 1820s. A new Repub party emerged in the 1850s in opposition to the extension of slavery in the territories. It also adopted most of the old Whig party's economic program. The party nominated John C. Fremont for prez in 1856 and Abraham Lincoln in 1860

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Common Sense

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An influential tract, published by Thomas Paine in Jan 1776, calling for Amer indep from Great Britain and establishment of republican govt

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First Continental Congress

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An assembly comprised of delegates from 12 colonies that met in Philadelphia in 1774. It denied Parliament's authority to legislate for the colonies, adopted the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, created a Continental Association to enforce a boycott against purchase of Britain imports, and endorsed a call to take up arms against Britain