Health Psychology Ch. 7

Front 1

What do sensory receptors do?

Back 1

They sort out sensations into neural impulses, which lead to pain or not.

Front 2

What do sensory receptors do?

Back 2

They sort out sensations into neural impulses, which lead to pain or not.

Front 3

What does the somatosensory system do?

Back 3

Conveys sensory info from the body to the brain.

Front 4

What are afferent neurons?

Back 4

Neurons that relay info from the sense organs toward the brain.

Front 5

What are Efferent Neurons?

Back 5

Neurons that result in the movement of muscles or the stimulation of organs or glands.

Front 6

What do interneurons do?

Back 6

They connect sensory to motor neurons

Front 7

What are primary afferents?

Back 7

Specialized afferent neurons that contain receptors that convert energy into neural impulses that travel to the spinal cord then the brain where they are interpreted.

Front 8

What do A-fibers do?

Back 8

Conduct impulses faster than C-fibers do. *Big ones conduct faster than smaller neurons.

Front 9

What are A-beta fibers like?

Back 9

large.

Front 10

What are A-delta fibers like?

Back 10

Small.

Front 11

What is the most important function of the spinal cord?

Back 11

To provide a pathway for ascending sensory information and descending motor messages.

Front 12

What does the Thalamus do?

Back 12

It receives info from afferent neurons in the spinal cord--after the info gets there its sent to the somato sensory cortex and the cerebral cortex.

Front 13

What are neurotransmitters?

Back 13

Chemicals that are synthesized and stored in neurons.

Front 14

How do drugs work in the bain?

Back 14

Receptors in the brain allow drugs to work; allowing only similar substances to naturally occurring neurochemicals to enter.

Front 15

What is the Periaqueductual Gray?

Back 15

An area of the brain involved in modulating pain- It is located in the mid-brain.

Front 16

What does C.A. Strong's theory of pain state?

Back 16

That pain is due to 2 factors; the sensation and the person's reaction to the sensation.

Front 17

How did the IASP define pain in 1979?

Back 17

As an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Front 18

What is acute pain?

Back 18

The type of pain most injured people experience; it includes pain from cuts, burns, childbirth, surgery, dental work etc.

Front 19

What is chronic pain?

Back 19

Pain that endures over months or even years. It may be due to a chronic condition or to a persisting injury.--not adaptive

Front 20

What is pre-chronic pain?

Back 20

The stage between the acute and chronic stages. At this point the person either overcomes the pain or is left with feelings of hopelessness that lead to more serious chronic pain.

Front 21

What is chronic recurrent pain?

Back 21

Pain that is marked by alternating episodes of intense pain and no pain. ex: headaches

Front 22

What is an example of the cultural differences in the way that people show pain?

Back 22

European Americans show less signs of pain than African Americans and Hispanic Americans.

Front 23

What does Melzack and Wall's theory of pain state?

Back 23

It suggests that pain perception is subject to a number of modulations that can influence the experience of pain. --"The gate control theory"

Front 24

Explain how the gate control theory works?

Back 24

The structures in the spinal cord acts as a gate for the sensory imput that the brain interprets as pain.

Pain is both somatosensory and of the body

Sensation AND perception can both open and close the gate.

Front 25

What are some common ways to measure pain?

Back 25

Self reports (questionnaires, rating scales), behavioral assessments, and physiological assessments.

Front 26

What is the most frequently used pain questionnaire?

Back 26

The MPQ--(the Mcgill pain questionnaire)

Front 27

What are the four main points of the MPQ?

Back 27

1) Location of the pain
2) Words that describe the pain
3) How the pain has changed over time
4) Intensity of pain

Front 28

How does the MPI rate people?

Back 28

-Dysfunctional
-Interpersonally distressed
-Adaptive Copers

Front 29

When is the MPI used to assess pain?

Back 29

Only used to assess pain that is really chronic as a last resort

Front 30

What are some advantages of acute pain?

Back 30

It sends signals about injury and it makes ways to heal and avoid future injury.

Front 31

What are some advantages of chronic pain?

Back 31

There are none.

Front 32

What percent of people in the US. suffer from chronic pain?

Back 32

10%

Front 33

What are the two most frequently treated pain syndromes?

Back 33

Headaches and lower back pain.

Front 34

What are migraine headaches?

Back 34

Recurrent attacks of pain that vary widely in intensity, frequency, and duration.

Front 35

What are tension headaches?

Back 35

Headaches that are muscular in origin, accompanied by sustained contractions of the muscles of the neck, shoulders, scalp and face, but current explanations include mechanisms within the central nervous system.

Front 36

What are cluster headaches?

Back 36

A severe headache that occurs daily or nearly daily- rarely last more than 3 hours.

Front 37

What percentage of Amercians experience lower back pain?

Back 37

80%

Front 38

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 38

An auto immune disorder characterized by a dull ache within or around a joint.

Front 39

What is osteoarthritis?

Back 39

Progressive inflammation of the joints.

Front 40

What is fibromialgia?

Back 40

A chronic pain condition characterized by tender points throughout the body; this condition produces systems of fatigue, headache, cognitive difficulties, anxiety, and sleep disturbances.

Front 41

What two ways does cancer produce pain?

Back 41

Through its growth and progression and through treatments.---also through emotional distress

Front 42

Why does phantom limb pain exist?

Back 42

Because amputation removes the nerves that produce the impulses leading to the experience of pain but not the sensations.

Front 43

What is the new rule about how pain must be treated? (2001)

Back 43

It must be monitored and treated, just like vital signs.

Front 44

What are analgesic drugs?

Back 44

Drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness.

Front 45

What are the two types of analgesic drugs?

Back 45

Opiates and nonnarcotic analgesics.

Front 46

What is tolerance?

Back 46

The body's decreased responsiveness to a drug.

Front 47

What is dependence?

Back 47

Occurs when the drugs removal produces withdrawal symptoms.

Front 48

Why are opiates prescribed less and less?

Back 48

Because they cause both tolerance and dependence--so they may lead to substance abuse- however they have the best pain relief.

Front 49

what is a good substitute for NSAIDS and Cox2 inhibitors?

Back 49

Acetaminophens

Front 50

What are some downsides to surgery?

Back 50

-Does not always repair damaged tissue
-May not provide sufficient pain relief.

Front 51

What are the ups and downs of social support?

Back 51

Social support can often make pain less but can also increase pain.

Front 52

Why is pain difficult to measure?

Back 52

Because it is perceptual.

Front 53

Where is substance P created?

Back 53

In the gray matter.

Front 54

What happens when you increase substance p?

Back 54

An increase in substance p= an increase in pain

Front 55

What happens to substance p over time?

Back 55

In the short term: Substance p is decreased but the opiods in the brain naturally kick in
In the long term- stress increases substance p