Grade 8 Sbac Vocabulary

Front 1

Adjacent Angle(s)

Back 1

Angles that share a common vertex, a common side, and do not overlap.

Front 2

Angle

Back 2

A figure formed by two rays (called sides) that have a common endpoint (called a vertex).

Front 3

Angle-Angle Criterion

Back 3

If two angles in one triangle are congruent to two angles in another triangle, then the triangles are similar.

Front 4

Area

Back 4

The number of square units included within a set of lines.

Front 5

Base

Back 5

The number in a power that is repeatedly multiplied as the factor.

Front 6

Cluster

Back 6

When data seems to be "gathered" around a particular value.

Front 7

Coefficient

Back 7

The numerical factor of a term that contains a variable.

Front 8

Cone

Back 8

A three-dimensional figure with one circular base connected by a curved surface to a single vertex.

Front 9

Constant

Back 9

A term without a variable.

Front 10

Coordinate Plane

Back 10

A grid with two numbered axes (x-axis and y-axis) that is used to locate points.

Front 11

Complementary Angles

Back 11

Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees.

Front 12

Congruent

Back 12

Two shapes are congruent if they are the same shape and size.

Front 13

Cube Root

Back 13

The cube root of a number is a special value that, when used in a multiplication three times, gives that number. Example: 3 × 3 × 3 = 27, so the cube root of 27 is 3.

Front 14

Cylinder

Back 14

A solid object with two identical flat ends that are circular or elliptical and one curved side.

Front 15

Data

Back 15

Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things.

Front 16

Decimal Notation

Back 16

A representation of a fraction or other real number consisting of any of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and a decimal point.

Front 17

Decreasing

Back 17

The y-value decreases as the

x-value increases

Front 18

Diameter

Back 18

A straight line going through the center of a circle connecting two points on the circumference.

Front 19

Dilate/Dilation

Back 19

To resize something, making it either larger or smaller.

Front 20

Exponent

Back 20

The exponent of a number says how many times to use that number in a multiplication.

Front 21

Exterior Angle

Back 21

An angle formed outside a polygon by one side and an extension of an adjacent side.

Front 22

Frequency

Back 22

How often something happens (usually during a period of time).

Front 23

Function

Back 23

A function relates an input to an output.

Front 24

Hypotenuse

Back 24

The side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle. It is also the longest side of the right-angled triangle

Front 25

Increasing

Back 25

A function is "increasing" when the

y-value increases as the x-value increases

Front 26

Initial Value

Back 26

The output value of a function when the input value is 0.

Front 27

Interior Angle

Back 27

An angle inside a shape.

Front 28

Intersection

Back 28

Where lines cross over (have a common point).

Front 29

Interval

Back 29

All the numbers between two given numbers.

Front 30

Irrational Number

Back 30

A real number that cannot be written as a simple fraction.

Front 31

Leg

Back 31

The two sides of a triangle that meet to form the right angle.

Front 32

Line of Best Fit

Back 32

A line on a graph showing the general direction that a group of points seem to follow.

Front 33

Line Segment

Back 33

The part of a line that connects two points. It has definite end points.

Front 34

Linear

Back 34

To fall in a straight line.

Front 35

Linear Equation

Back 35

An equation with a graph that is a straight line.

Front 36

Linear Association

Back 36

A relationship that, when plotted, forms a line.

Front 37

Linear Extrapolation

Back 37

Helps to estimate values that are either higher or lower than the data set.

Front 38

Negative Association

Back 38

A linear association where one variable increases as the other decreases.

Front 39

Nonlinear Function

Back 39

A function whose rate of change is not constant. The graph of this is not a straight line.

Front 40

Ordered Pair

Back 40

A pair of numbers used to locate a point in the coordinate plane. The ordered pair is written: (x-coord, y-coord).

Front 41

Origin

Back 41

The point of intersection of the x-axis and y-axis in a coordinate plane.

Front 42

Parallel

Back 42

Lines in the same plane that never intersect or cross. The symbol "ll" means parallel.

Front 43

Perfect Cube

Back 43

A rational number whose cube root is a whole number. 27 is a perfect cube because its cube root is 3.

Front 44

Perfect Square

Back 44

A rational number whose square root is a whole number. 16 is a perfect square because its square root is 16.

Front 45

Pi

Back 45

The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. We use 3.14 or 22/7.

Front 46

Positive Association

Back 46

A linear association where both variables increase.

Front 47

Power

Back 47

A product of repeated factors using an exponent and a base. The power is read five to the second power, or five squared.

Front 48

Proportional Relationship

Back 48

A relationship between two equal ratios.

Front 49

Pythagorean Theorem

Back 49

In a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse c is equal to the sum of the square of the lengths of the legs a and b.

Front 50

Radical

Back 50

The symbol used to indicate a positive square root.

Front 51

Radius

Back 51

The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle.

Front 52

Rate of Change

Back 52

The ratio of the change in y to the change in x.

Front 53

Rational Number

Back 53

Numbers that can be written as fractions.

Front 54

Reflection

Back 54

A transformation in which a figure is flipped over a line.

Front 55

Relation

Back 55

Any set of ordered pairs.

Front 56

Relative Frequency

Back 56

The ratio of the number of experimental successes to the total number of experimental attempts.

Front 57

Repeating Decimal

Back 57

The decimal form of a rational number. It has a repeating pattern.

Front 58

Right Triangle

Back 58

A triangle with one right angle.

Front 59

Rotation

Back 59

A transformation in which a figure is turned about a fixed point.

Front 60

Scale

Back 60

The ratio of the size of the model to the actual size of the object.

Front 61

Scale Factor

Back 61

The ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar polygons.

Front 62

Scatter Plot

Back 62

A graph that shows the relationship between a data set with two variables graphed as ordered pairs on a coordinate plane.

Front 63

Scientific Notation

Back 63

A compact way of writing numbers with absolute values that are very large or small.

Front 64

Similar

Back 64

If one image can be obtained from another by a sequence of transformations and dilations (same shape, different size).

Front 65

Similar Triangles

Back 65

Triangles that have the same shape but are different sizes.

Front 66

Slope

Back 66

The rate of change between any two points on a line. The ratio of rise, or vertical change, to the run, or horizontal change.

Front 67

Solution

Back 67

A value for a variable that makes an equation true.

Front 68

Sphere

Back 68

The set of all points in space that are a given distance from a given point called the center.

Front 69

Square Root

Back 69

One of two equal factors of a number. The square root of 144 is 12 because 12 x 12 = 144.

Front 70

Supplementary Angles

Back 70

Two angles whose sum measures 180 degrees.

Front 71

Standard Form

Back 71

An equation written in the form Ax + By = C.

Front 72

System of Equations

Back 72

A set of two or more equations with the same variables.

Front 73

Terminating Decimal

Back 73

A repeating decimal where the repeating digit is zero. A decimal that ends

Front 74

Transformation

Back 74

An operation that maps a geometric figure, preimage, onto a new figure, image.

Front 75

Translation

Back 75

A transformation that slides a figure from one position to another without turning.

Front 76

Transversal

Back 76

A line that intersects two or more other lines.

Front 77

Trend Line

Back 77

A line on a graph showing the general direction that a group of points seem to be heading.

Front 78

Two-Way Relative Frequency Table

Back 78

A table that shows data that pertain to two different categories.

Front 79

Variable

Back 79

A symbol, usually a letter, used to represent a number in mathematical expressions or sentences.

Front 80

Vertical Angles

Back 80

Opposite angles formed by the intersections of two lines. Vertical angles are congruent. Angles a and b are congruent.

Front 81

Volume

Back 81

The measure of the space occupied by a solid. Standard measure are cubic units.

Front 82

x-axis

Back 82

The horizontal number line that helps to form the coordinate plane.

Front 83

x-coordinate

Back 83

The first number of an ordered pair.

Front 84

x-intercept

Back 84

The x-coordinate of the point where the line crosses the x-axis.

Front 85

y-axis

Back 85

The vertical number line that helps to form the coordinate plane.

Front 86

y-coordinate

Back 86

The second number of an ordered pair.

Front 87

y-intercept

Back 87

The y-coordinate of the point where the line crosses the y-axis.