Geog 202 Ch 13- Southeast Asia

Front 1

Most complex ________ region on planet

Back 1

religious

Front 2

Most complex _______ region on planet, especially for critical resources during period of organic world economy

Back 2

colonial

Front 3

Geopolitically, a recovered ________. Resources now available from organic chemistry

Back 3

“Shatterbelt”

Front 4

One of world’s ___________ regions: several tectonic plates intersect

Back 4

MOST active

Front 5

Volcanic activity common. In 1883 explosion of _____________ in Sunda Strait & resulting tsunamis killed at least 30,000.

Back 5

Krakatau

Front 6

1816 “year w/out a summer” in US after explosion of ___________ in 1815. Winter of 1817 worst recorded. Caused one of worst famines of 1800s

Back 6

Tambora

Front 7

_________ in typhoon path

Back 7

Philippines

Front 8

__________ marks the deep water area that separates the flora & fauna of Australia from Asia.

Back 8

Wallace’s line

Front 9

______________, an animal and bird collector, arrived at the theory of natural selection independently of Darwin, but later published with him. His work is foundational for the sub-discipline of zoogeography

Back 9

Alfred Wallace

Front 10

________________ was first environmental tragedy reported in near real time around world (by global network of submarine telegraphs installed by British from 1865 on)

Back 10

Krakatau eruption of 1883

Front 11

_______________ keep area very wet, have allowed easy human movement by sea for past 2,000 years

Back 11

Tropical monsoons

Front 12

Early agriculture swidden on ______________ (run-off & erosion were minimized)

Back 12

poor tropical soils

Front 13

Main food crop irrigated __________ (using nutrients from water)

Back 13

padi rice

Front 14

Main cash crops from ______________ (teak, gutta percha) or _____________ (rubber)

Back 14

tropical forest trees or plantation trees

Front 15

___________ of tropical forests very destructive. Loss of species, increased soil erosion.

Back 15

Clear-cutting

Front 16

___________________ in region minimized forest loss

Back 16

Older agricultural practices

Front 17

Swidden, tropical irrigation, most _________ forest management all did quite well

Back 17

colonial era

Front 18

Problem is clear-cutting by ____________________

Back 18

large scale international commercial logging companies

Front 19

TFRs across region ______________

Back 19

vary greatly (0.78 to 5.23)

Front 20

Capitalist _________ one of world’s lowest at 0.78, surrounding state of Malaysia Islamic but dropping fast & now 2.64, Thailand (1.66) & Vietnam (1.89) also below 2. Burma is 2.23

Back 20

Singapore

Front 21

__________, world’s most populous Islamic state, has TFR of 2.23, low by Islamic standards but up from 3rd edn (most recent figures for Iran show it well below 2)

Back 21

Indonesia

Front 22

__________ retains v. high birth rate (5.23)

Back 22

Timor Leste

Front 23

Radical Islam taking hold in ___________ but may be circumvented if TFR continues to drop. Child mortality is lowering

Back 23

Indonesia

Front 24

Region still very _____ (easier to reduce birth-rates in cities)

Back 24

rural

Front 25

Population most concentrated in _____________. Philippines & Malaysia well populated overall

Back 25

Indonesia

Front 26

Concentrations of population in most
productive _____________ of Cambodia, Vietnam (N), Thailand, Burma

Back 26

agric regions

Front 27

Pop density v low in tropical forest regions of _________________

Back 27

central part of archipelago (Borneo)

Front 28

Most complex religious region on planet because ____________________. Hinduism part of great Indian expansions into region just after time of Christ

Back 28

all 4 major religions present

Front 29

Considerable remnant _______________

Back 29

animism (nature worship)

Front 30

__________________ replaced Hinduism in Indochina

Back 30

Buddhism (Mahayana & Theravada)

Front 31

_____________ collision point since 1500s between expansive Islam & Christianity

Back 31

Philippines

Front 32

Several hundred distinct languages in ______ language families

Back 32

five

Front 33

Order imposed by ________ languages

Back 33

colonial

Front 34

No other major languages before creation of national languages in __________ and ___________, early to mid-1900s

Back 34

Indonesia and Philippines

Front 35

Colonial languages (esp. French) survive in _________, suppressed in Burma/ Myanmar

Back 35

Indochina

Front 36

____________ claimed by China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. Area may have substantial oil reserves

Back 36

Spratly Islands

Front 37

Struggle within __________ between Christian majority & Muslims

Back 37

Philippines

Front 38

_____________: internal strife between Islamic majority & Christians

Back 38

Indonesia

Front 39

Indonesia long thought to be home to a very peaceful form of Islam--but increasingly home to fundamentalist madrassas. Concerns over what is seen as ______________ led to bombing of a night club in Bali frequented by Australians (sub-text of this is sex tourism)

Back 39

corrupt western behavior

Front 40

______________ now separated from Indonesia and administered by Australia after very nasty war—has oil so comparatively well off

Back 40

Timor Leste

Front 41

_________________ a total mess, tho release of pro-democracy leader\ Aung San Suu Kyi (Nov 2010) is hopeful

Back 41

Burma (Myanmar)

Front 42

__________ thought involved (clubs have Russian as well as Thai girls)

Back 42

Russian Mafia

Front 43

______ 15th in ranking for those “living with AIDS

Back 43

Thailand

Front 44

_________ 19th. Bali night club bombing of 2002 killed 202 people, mostly Westerners tho 88 were Australians. Al Quaeda claimed responsibility— responding to Australia’s role in liberating East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 & US “War on Terror.” Was also an Islamic response to sex tourism

Back 44

Indonesia

Front 45

World’s most ________ region

Back 45

colonized

Front 46

Small numbers of Indian merchants “colonized” _______________ (3) c. 100 AD to meet Roman demand for luxury goods

Back 46

Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia

Front 47

__________ expanded into Indonesia after 1000 AD (role unclear)

Back 47

Islamic traders

Front 48

Chinese pushed south into __________

Back 48

Vietnam

Front 49

__________________ (7) all had “colonies.”

Back 49

Spain, Portugal, Holland, Br, Fr, US, Japan

Front 50

Only ____________ never “colonized” as such (tho Siam was a British protectorate)

Back 50

Thailand

Front 51

____________ Allied with Japan in WWII. Japan conquered rest

Back 51

Thailand

Front 52

French attempted to return to _________ as a colonial power after WWII—trounced at Dien Bien Phu 1954 and departed

Back 52

Vietnam

Front 53

Early Sivaite (Indian) Temple in Cambodia– note seven layers to correspond to seven layers of _______

Back 53

heaven

Front 54

Describe Indian imagery at Angkor (Hindu, then Buddhist site)

Back 54

Many erotic carvings; Some illustrating
material such as the Kama Sutra; Typical of material found on Sivaite temples in South India; Chinese visitors noted local sexual practices with fascination

Front 55

__________ have long spread throughout region as merchant class (akin to Jews in Europe but without so much religious strife)

Back 55

Chinese

Front 56

In Islamic countries the Chinese provide a way __________________ just as Jews did in pre-Reformation Europe

Back 56

around the Islamic laws against usury

Front 57

Chinese have been central driving force in success of ___________’s economy

Back 57

Singapore

Front 58

___________ transformed region after 1500

Back 58

European expansions

Front 59

Spanish had to cross Pacific from Philippines to Mexico, thence back to Spain because of ____________

Back 59

Treaty of Tordesillas

Front 60

Portuguese sneaked in to ______ (in Spanish territory east of line established by Tordesillas)

Back 60

East Timor

Front 61

______________ chased Portuguese out, established most extensive colonies in region--much of Indonesian archipelago

Back 61

Dutch East India Company

Front 62

Dutch chasing spices, especially pepper--another name for Indonesian archipelago is the ___________

Back 62

Spice Islands

Front 63

Dutch (and later British and French traders) found Spice Islands not on a cash economy. Had to trade goods for spices. Only goods Spice Islanders wanted were ______________, hence all three European countries created East India Companies which developed substantial presences in India to acquire cotton textiles

Back 63

Indian cotton textiles

Front 64

British took _______________ after Napoleonic Wars (global choke point)

Back 64

Straits of Malacca

Front 65

British used Burma to grow ________ and reverse terms of trade with China

Back 65

opium

Front 66

French interest begins mid-1800s--part of _____________. Initially thought Indochinese temples were built by a Lost Tribe of Israel!

Back 66

French archeological interests

Front 67

Region world’s only source of ______________. Needed to insulate world-wide web of submarine telegraph cables installed by Britain from 1860s on

Back 67

gutta-percha

Front 68

Region excellent source of __________ once British transferred rubber plants from Amazon basin to Kew Gardens, thence to SE Asia, especially French colonies

Back 68

rubber

Front 69

_______ (part Dutch, part British) used naturally high octane petroleum reserves of Indonesia to establish themselves as one of world’s main producers. First competitor to Standard Oil of US

Back 69

Shell

Front 70

______ expanded throughout region in 1940s for all these resources, but rubber and oil in particular for its coming war effort. Japanese named their Empire the Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere and claimed it as a “kinder, gentler” colonial exploiter than the Europeans--it wasn’t

Back 70

Japan

Front 71

Japan allied with _________ but conquered rest—a fierce resistance movement arose in Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh

Back 71

Thailand

Front 72

Need for opium, gutta percha, rubber gone--replaced by organic chemistry. Still need oil and control over ____________ for Asia/Europe shipping

Back 72

Straits of Malacca

Front 73

_________ very wealthy by world standards w/ppp/capita of $60,500, ______________ to lesser extent at $15,800. British effectively removed Communist guerillas in 1960s

Back 73

Singapore; Malaysia

Front 74

__________ an island city state--some argue this is one of the possible futures of advanced capitalism and that other city states can and will form as (I would say “if”) the nation-state declines. The model is the medieval city state. Hong Kong and New York City would be good examples of cities with this sort of potential. Devolution within Europe (such as that occurring in UK) implies cities such as London could be city states--but get too many economic benefits from being in EU)

Back 74

Singapore

Front 75

_________ affected by Japanese expansion but less than most. Technically never colonized tho British run. Returned to stable conditions in 1950s & now wealthy by local standards ($9,500 per capita—a slight decline from 2010)

Back 75

Thailand

Front 76

Rest of region poor. Near continuous war from Japanese colonialism of mid-1930s, French attempts to re-colonize in 40s & 50s, American attempts to replace France (caused by domino theory). Collapse of US power in mid-1970s left a mess: ________ $2,200, _______ $2,700, _______ $3,400. ________ $1,300.

Back 76

Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Burma

Front 77

_____________ remarkably poor given is US client state ($4,100 per capita), thus many leave to become migrant workers

Back 77

Philippines

Front 78

_________ (oil nation) very wealthy ($50,000)—highly stable former British Protectorate with well managed oil industry (half of GDP), tourism.

Back 78

Brunei

Front 79

____________ (oil nation) poor at $4,700.

Back 79

Indonesia

Front 80

____________ (oil nation), which split off from Indonesia under Australian tutelage has ppp/capita of $8,800.

Back 80

Timor Leste

Front 81

Very variable life expectancies, tho ________ (82/86) at fully western standards & _______ (74/79 not bad)

Back 81

Singapore; Brunei

Front 82

____________ high (74/79) considering its ongoing “civil war” and military repression, tho this recently seems to be beginning to end

Back 82

Burma/Myanmar

Front 83

__________ low life expectancies (61/66) tho recovering—probably an artifact of genocide of Pol Pot era (which was really class war to remove middle and upper classes)

Back 83

Cambodia

Front 84

Poorer life expectancy in ______ (61/65) than Cambodia harder to account for!

Back 84

Laos

Front 85

Females outlive males _______ years in all states, even most Islamic ones

Back 85

4 to 6

Front 86

Tight integration of region to _______

Back 86

global economy

Front 87

Substantial FDI inflows to (4)

Back 87

Thailand, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines

Front 88

Huge FDI inflows to _________

Back 88

Singapore

Front 89

Huge aid to ________ and ____________ (economically & politically unstable, rise of radical Islam)

Back 89

Indonesia and E. Timor