Fsn Test #2 (Carbohydrates)

Front 1

Carbohydrates

Back 1

a group of organic compounds (containing carbon) made of single or multiple sugars

Front 2

Carbs all contain: (three things)

Back 2

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Front 3

Carbs are made by:

Back 3

plants through the process of photosynthesis

Front 4

Monosaccharide

Back 4

simple sugar which is not broken down further during digestion (one sugar)

Front 5

Disaccharide

Back 5

class of sugars formed by the chemical boding of two monosaccharides (two sugars)

Front 6

Three types of monosaccharides:

Back 6

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Front 7

Three types of disaccharides:

Back 7

maltose, sucrose, and lactose

Front 8

Glucose (function and what foods its found in)

Back 8

-primary fuel source for brain, muscle, and other cells
-needs to remain in balance to fuel cells and tissues (blood sugar)
-found in sweet fruits (berries, grapes), vegetables (corn, carrots), and honey

Front 9

Fructose

Back 9

-sweetest natural sugar found in fruits and vegetables
-found in high fructose corn syrup (only 55% fructose, 45% glucose)

Front 10

Galactose

Back 10

-not commonly found in food (lactose/milk)
-primary milk sugar

Front 11

Maltose

Back 11

-malt sugar
-malted drinks, candies, toasted cereals
-important as substrate for yeast in beer production

Front 12

Sucrose

Back 12

-table sugar
-sugar cane, sugar beets, syrups

Front 13

Lactose

Back 13

-milk sugar
-buttermilk, yogurt, whey sugar, milk

Front 14

Polysaccharides

Back 14

more than ten monosaccharides bonded together

Front 15

What are the three types of polysaccharides?

Back 15

starch, fiber, and glycogen

Front 16

Starch

Back 16

-storage form of glucose in plants
-our bodies easily break them down into glucose
-found in grains, legumes, tubers

Front 17

Amylose

Back 17

unbranched-soluble

Front 18

Amylopectin

Back 18

branched-insoluble

Front 19

Fiber

Back 19

-non digestible part of plants
-does not provide energy
-passes through body without being broken down
-consists of long polysaccharide chain

Front 20

Soluble Fiber

Back 20

-dissolves in water
-found inside plant cells
-slows passage of food but does not increase fecal bulk
-beans, oats, fruits, vegetables (ex. inside of apple)

Front 21

Insoluble Fiber

Back 21

-does not dissolve in water
-found in cell walls
-increases fecal bulk and speeds passager of food through the digestive tract
-prevents constipation
-oat, wheat brans, wheat, rye, barley, brown rice, seeds, legumes, fruits, and vegetables
(ex. peel of apple)

Front 22

Benefits of eating a high fiber diet (there are two)

Back 22

-lower in fats and kcals
-lower rates of colon cancer

Front 23

Benefits of Insoluble Fiber (there are four)

Back 23

relieves constipation, decreases transit time, makes feces bulkier, and stronger colonic muscles

Front 24

Benefits of Soluble Fiber (there are four)

Back 24

controls blood glucose levels, binds bile acids, reduces serum cholesterol, and changes intestinal bacteria populations

Front 25

How much fiber do both men and women need?

Back 25

Women need 25g per day
Men need 38g per day

Front 26

Glycogen

Back 26

-the storage form of glucose
-broken down quickly into glucose for energy
-not a dietary source of carbohydrates

Front 27

Functions of Carbohydrates (there are three)

Back 27

-short term energy
-supply energy for body
-spares protein (allows protein to be used for growth, repair, etc.)

Front 28

What happens if CHO intake is low?

Back 28

The body will break down protein in blood and tissue into Amino Acids for energy.