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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the structure of the skeleton? |
Axial Skeleton - protects the vita organs and consists of 80 bones Appendicular Skeleton - attaches your limbs to the axial skeleton |
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What is the function of the skeleton? |
1. Muscle attachment and movement 2. Protection of vital organs 3. Storage of minerals 4. Production of blood cells 5. Provides shape |
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What are the 4 types of bone in the skeleton? |
1. Long Bone - longer than they are wide and slightly curved to improve strength 2. Short Bone - are cube shaped 3. Flat Bone - contains spongy bone inside surrounding layers of compact bone 4. Irregular Bone - complex in shape |
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Identify the location and number of vertebrae. |
The spine is made of 5 sections comprised of 33 bones: 1. Cervical (7) 2. Thoracic (12) 3. Lumbar (5) 4. Sacrum (1) 5. Coccyx (1) |
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Describe the structure of a long bone. |
1. Diaphysis - shaft of the bone 2. Epiphysis - ends of the bone 3. Periosteum - outer thin Membrane 4. Compact Bone - found in the diaphysis beneath the periosteum 5. Articular Cartilage - covers the epiphysis 6. Epiphyseal Plates - controls bone growth 7. Spongy Bone - found in the epiphysis and contains red bone marrow 8. Medullary Cavity - cavity in the diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow |
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Describe the process of bone formation |
When we are born our bone consist mainly of cartilage. As we grow our bones harden through a process named Ossification. |
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Describe the process of bone growth. |
The growth of a long bone is controlled by the Epiphyseal Plate. The plate has mineral deposited into it. As it hardens, it pushes the hardened bone outwards into the diaphysis, thus making it longer. |
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Which cells are responsible for bone growth? |
1. Osteoblasts - bone forming cells 2. Osteocytes - mature bone cells 3. Osteoclasts - breaks down and re-absorbs old bone |
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Describe the structure of the spinal column. |
1. Made of vertebrae (irregular bones) 2. And cartilage between each vertebrae (intervertebral disc) |
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Describe the function of the spinal column. |
1. Provides protection of spinal cord 2. Provides flexible structure 3. Provides attachment points for arms, chest, pelvis and legs |
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Describe the function of the spinal curvature. |
1. To provide a full range of motion throughout the spinal column 2. To increase strength 3. To absorb shock |
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Describe the curvature of the spine |
There are 4 curves in the spine: Cervical & Lumbar - convex (pushed in) Thoracic & Sacral - concave (pushed out) |
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Name the 3 common issues with spinal curvature |
1. Kyphosis - excessive concave (outward) curve of the Thoracic spine 2. Lordosis - excessive convex (inward) curve of the Lumbar spine 3. Scoliosis - side to side curvature of the spine |
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How does the spinal column move? |
The spinal column moves through: 1. Frontal Plane 2. Transverse Plan 3. Sagittal Plane |
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What are the 6 types of freely movable joints? |
1. Gliding Joint - bones with smooth surfaces that slip over each other 2. Hinge Joint - permits bones to move in one plane only (elbow, knee) 3. Pivot Joint - one bone that pivots around another 4. Ellipsoid Joint - permits movement in all directions without rotation 5. Saddle Joint - permits back and forth + side to side movement without rotation 6. Ball & Socket - permits movement in all directions |
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Describe the 6 structure of freely moveable joints. |
1. Ligament - connects bone to bone 2. Tendon - connects bone to muscle 3. Articular Cartilage - protects ends of bones 4. Synovial Fluid - liquid that fills the joint cavity to provide protection 5. Synovial Membrane - produces synovial fluid 6. Joint Capsule - encapsulates synovial membrane and connects articulating bones 7. Bursa - protect joint from bone, tendons, ligaments and muscle |
