Final - Htec 64B Phlebotomy Blood & Circulatory System Part 2

Front 1

Primary function of leukocytes (WBC's):

Back 1

to neutralize or destroy pathogens.

Front 2

Primary function of thrombocytes (platelets)

Back 2

their function is essential to coagulation and are the first cells on the scene when an injury occurs.

Front 3

Identify the substance in RBC's that enables them to carry oxygen.

Back 3

hemaglobin

Front 4

Identify the mineral that enables hemoglobin to bind with oxygen.

Back 4

iron

Front 5

List the 5 types of WBC's.

Back 5

1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
4. Monocytes
5. Lymphocytes

Front 6

Basic function of neutrophils:

Back 6

Neutrophils destroy pathogens by phagocytosis (engulfs)

Front 7

2 basic functions of eosinophils:

Back 7

Eosinophils
1. ingest and detoxify foreign protein;
2. help regulate immune reactions;

Front 8

Basic function of basophils:

Back 8

Basophils participate in the inflammatory response which is part of the immune response

Front 9

Basic function of monocytes:

Back 9

Monocytes destroy pathogens by phagocytosis;
first line of defense in the inflammatory process

Front 10

Basic function of lymphocytes

Back 10

T lymphocytes diectly attack infected cells;
B lymphocytes produce antibodies that kill foreign organisms, like bacteria and virus.

Front 11

Define antigen

Back 11

Antigen is any substance that causes the body to produce antibodies.

Front 12

Define antibody

Back 12

A specific kind of protein, produced by B-lymphocytes, in response to their contact with an antigen.

Front 13

Explain what is meant by a person's "blood type".

Back 13

Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of the red blood cells.

Front 14

When do the ABO antibodies appear in a person's blood?

Back 14

Shortly after birth

Front 15

In what situation does HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn) occur?

Back 15

When an Rh- woman carries an Rh+ fetus. Can not happen if the woman is Rh+.

Front 16

State the purpose of a crossmatch

Back 16

To prevent adverse reactions during a blood transfusion, such as agglutination (clumping of RBC's) or hemolysis (ruptured RBC's).

Front 17

Explain the meaning of the term whole blood.

Back 17

Blood in the same form as it is in the bloodstream or
Blood collected in tube with an anticoagulant

Front 18

Define the term serum.

Back 18

The fluid portion of clotted blood.

Front 19

Define the term plasma

Back 19

The top liquid layer of centrifuged whole blood with an anticoagulant

Front 20

How does plasma differ from serum?

Back 20

Serum comes from clotted blood and does not have fibrinogen.

Plasma comes from whole blood and has fibrinogen.

Front 21

Hemostasis

Back 21

The arrest, or stoppage, of bleeding.

Front 22

List the 4 stages of hemostasis.

Back 22

Stage 1. Vasoconstriction
Stage 2. Platelet plug formation
Stage 3. Fibrin clot formation
Stage 4. Fibrinolysis

Front 23

Give a short description of each of the 4 stages of hemostasis.

Back 23

1. Vasoconstriction - The blood vessel constricts at the site of injury
2. Platelet plug formation - Platelets form a primary plug at the site
3. Fibrin clot formation - Blood clots at the site by combining RBC's and fibrin threads
4. Fibrinolysis - Fibrin degradation starts to dissolve the clot

Front 24

Identify the first 3 coagulation tests on the Kaiser lab requisition.

Back 24

1. Prothrombin Time INR (PT)
2. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
3. Fibrinogen

Front 25

Name 4 functions of the lymphatic system.

Back 25

1. Returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
2. Protects the body by removing microorganisms and impurities
3. Processes lymphocytes
4. Delivers fats absorbed from the small intestine to the bloodstream

Front 26

List the 4 structures of the lymphatic system.

Back 26

1. lymph fluid
2. lymphatic vessels
3. ducts
4. nodes

Front 27

Explain how the removal of lymph nodes from an area of the body can affect the body.

Back 27

Their removal can impair lymph drainage and interfere with the destruction of bacteria and foreign matter. Therefore, it can compromise blood test results.