Evolution And Classification Exam Review

Front 1

define evolution

Back 1

the change in populations over time

Front 2

what is a naturalist? On what ship did Darwin work as a naturalist?

Back 2

One who catalogues plant and animal life in a given area and collect live and fossilized specimens; Darwin was on the HMS Beagle

Front 3

What scientists did Darwin draw from t build his idea of evolution through natural selection?

Back 3

Thomas Malthus

Front 4

What is competition? Give some examples of competition

Back 4

Competition limits the number of individuals that survive to reproduce; competition include competing for food and space, escaping predators, finding mates, and locating shelter

Front 5

define natural selection

Back 5

in nature organisms with favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass their variations on to the net generation, while organisms without these variations ar e less likely to survive and reproudce

Front 6

What is artificial selection? How could i be proof of natural selection?

Back 6

It's the breeding of organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits

Front 7

Who is Alfred Russel Wallace?

Back 7

-Was another British naturalist who studied populations on islands near Indonesia
-Wrote Darwin to share his ideas about natural selection and together they presented their idea to the scientific community at the Linnaean Society in London in 1858.

Front 8

What is the title of Darwin's book

Back 8

On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection

Front 9

Structural adaptions

Back 9

Adaptations in species develop over many generations to increase chances of survival in their environment

Front 10

Physiological adaptations

Back 10

changes in an organisms metabolic process

Front 11

Fossils

Back 11

A complete fossil record can show how organisms evolved over millions of years

Front 12

Anatomical similatrities

Back 12

similarities in structural arrangement that suggests common evolutionary origin

Front 13

Embryology

Back 13

Comparing organisms at the earliest stage of growth and development

Front 14

Biochemistry

Back 14

-All organisms share DNA, ATP, and other biological molecules
-The closer organisms are in DNA structure shows evolutionary relationship

Front 15

Define taxonomy

Back 15

Branch of biology that names and groups organisms

Front 16

How are organisms classified today?

Back 16

characteristics and evolutionary history

Front 17

Who was the first to attempt to classify organisms How did he classify them?

Back 17

Aristotle; based them on land, air, or water dwellers - plants were grouped by stem characteristics

Front 18

What were some problems with Aristotle's classification system?

Back 18

-needed more categories
-many names for the same organism
-some common names did not accurately describe the organism

Front 19

Who was Carolus Linnaeus? How did he classify organisms?

Back 19

-he devised a system of grouping organisms into hierarchical categories
-system used morphology

Front 20

List Linnaeus' seven levels of classifications tarting with the broadest

Back 20

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Front 21

What is Linnaeus' system for naming organisms known as?

Back 21

binomial nomenclature

Front 22

A cougar has the scientific name Puma concolor. What is its genus? What is the specific epithet?

Back 22

Genus - puma
specific epithet - concolo

Front 23

How has Linnaeus' system of classification been modified for use today?

Back 23

-botanists sometimes split species into varieties
-zoologists sometimes split species into subspecies
-modern taxonomists also consider phylogeny when classifying organisms

Front 24

Define phyloey

Back 24

evolutionary history

Front 25

What are the five major characteristics used for classification

Back 25

cell type: may either be prokaryote or eukaryotic
cell wall: may either lack one or have one
body type: either unicellular or multicellular
nutrition: either autotroph or heterotroph. some can be very unique
genetics: organisms have similar genetic material, but some have unique system of DNA, RNA, or protein

Front 26

list the 3 domains and the kingdoms within those domains

Back 26

domain archaea: *archaebacteria - simple bacteria
domain bacteria: *eubacteria - complex bacteria
domain eukarya: *protistia - single celled protists
*fungi - heterotrophic fungus
*plantae - plants
*animalia - animals

Front 27

Archaebacteria
(list domain, cell type, body type, nutrition)

Back 27

domain - archaea
cell type - prokaryotes
body type - unicellular
nutrition - chemosynthetic

Front 28

Eubacteria
(list domain, cell type, body type, nutrition)

Back 28

domain - bacteria
cell type - prokaryote
body type - unicellular
nutrition - aerobic

Front 29

Protista
(list domain, cell type, body type, nutrition)

Back 29

domain - eukarya
cell type - eukaryotic
body type - unicellular
nutrition - both heterotrophic and autotrophic

Front 30

Fungi
(list domain, cell type, body type, nutrition)

Back 30

domain - Eukarya
cell type - eukaryotic
body type - both unicellular and multicellular
nutrition - heterotrophic

Front 31

Plantae
(list domain, cell type, body type, nutrition)

Back 31

domain - Eukarya
cell type - Eukaryotes
body type - multicellular
nutrition - photosynthetic; some carnivorous because they live in nitrogen poor environments

Front 32

Animalia
(list domain, cell type, body type, nutrition)

Back 32

domain - Eukarya
cell type - Eukaryotic
body type - multicellular
nutrition - heterotrophic

Front 33

cladistics

Back 33

uses certain features of organisms to establish evolutionary relationships

Front 34

derive character

Back 34

feature that apparently evolved only within the observed group

Front 35

cladogram

Back 35

ancestry diagrams that use derived characters to show relationships; not universally agreed on

Front 36

dichotomous key

Back 36

an identification key that contains pairs of contrasting descriptions