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46 Cards in this Set
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Novel |
Chris Baldick - extended fictional prose narrative. It disregards the constraints that govern other literary forms and acknowledges no obligatory structure, style or subject matter. Can be distinguished by their greater length Has at least one character, a plot, |
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What is a drama? |
Performances in which actors impersonate the actions of a fictional or historical character. Expected the represent stories showing situations of conflicts between characters |
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Define symbolism |
A symbol is an object, action or event that represents something, or creates a range of association, beyond itself. |
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What are some forms of symbolism in the glass menagerie? |
The fire escape - where Tom hangs out. Symbol for his wish to escape. The glass figures - symbolizes laura. She is delicate just like them. Jim - the long delayed but always expected something we live for The smiling photo of the husband - smiling because hes not there |
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Define pathos |
The evocation in the audience of pity, tenderness, compassion and sorrow. |
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Explain the glass menagerie and escape |
Amanda - her escape is into the past. Talking about having 17 gentleman callers in one day etc. Laura - her escape is the glass menagerie and her father's old records. Tom - movies and booze. He goes out every night to the movies as he tells Amanda. |
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Define irony |
A subtly humorous perception of inconsistency in which an apparently straight forward statement or event is undermined by its context |
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Define dramatic irony |
Dramatic irony occurs when characters say or do something that has meaning the audience can recognize but the characters do not. E.g. the school for scandal When sir Oliver pretends to be Stanley or Mr premium to his nephews to test them. The audience knows sir Oliver is wearing a mask but the boys do not. Everything the nephews do and say is ironic as they would not act this way if they knew it was sir Oliver. Lady travel behind the screen hears everything sir Peter is saying to Joseph about the money and he tells him not to tell her. Its ironic because the audience knows she can hear him but he doesnt. |
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Define verbal irony |
Verbal irony consists of implying a meaning different from and often the complete opposite of the one explicitly stated. Sarcasm
E.g. school for scandal Mrs. candour. Her name expresses she is truthful but she spreads a lot of untrue gossip |
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Define a foil |
A foil is a character who by sharp contrast serves to stress and highlight the distinctive temperament of the protagonist E.g. - School for scandal The surface brothers are profound fould they Sheridan both exploits and renews. |
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Define history play |
A play representing events drawn wholly or partly from recorded history
Richard the III Depicts the rise and fall of Richard plantagenet whole ruled English as king Richard III |
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Soliloquy - define |
An act of speaking ones thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers especially by a character in the play The school for scandal - when (aside) is written the character is speaking to the audience as if the person in the room with him cannot hear him. When selling the paintings there are many times he speaks to the audience his horror and disbelief of charles selling the paintings |
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Define essay |
Shirt composition that undertakes to discuss a matter, Express a point of view, persuade to accept a thesis. |
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Differential between formal and personal essay |
Formal essay - relatively impersonal- author writes as an authority or someone with vast knowledge of the subject. Will refer to scholarly journals etc. Personal - author assumes a tone of intimacy with its readers. Tends to deal with every day dealings. Writers in a relaxed whimsical tone. |
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Tone |
Character or attitude of the peocr if writing. The mood. |
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Paradox |
Paradox is a seemingly absurd or contradictory statement in logic that superficially cant be true but also cant be false. E.g. Jorge Luis Borges in blindness "Through being blind i am able to see" |
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Metaphor and simile |
Metaphors and similes are used to make comparisons Similes use the work like to compare themselves to things Metaphor directly state a comparison |
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Define poetry |
Language sung chanted, spoken or written according to some pattern of recurrence This pattern is always a rhyme or metre Makes poetry more condensed Common traits An emphasis on the connections between the sound and sense of words Controlled patterns of rhythm and syntax Viva often figurative language Close attention to the visual and other sensory effects of the arrangement of words on the pape
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What is prosody |
A collective term that describes the technical aspects of verse relating to rhythm, stress and meter |
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What is scansion |
Determining where emphasis falls Stressed and unstressed syllables |
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What is meter in rhyme |
The recurrent pattern of emphasis or the expectation of such pattern |
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What is rhythm in poetry |
A conversational tone, more various and unbounded |
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What are Substitutions in poetry |
The variations from the expected pattern |
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What is an iambic pentameter |
A metrical form in which the basic foot is an iamb and most lines consist of Five iambs
da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM
Used in traditional English poetry and verse drama E.g. how do I love thee/let me count the ways |
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What is a trophic substitution |
Substitute a trochee for the initial iamb E.g. Shakespeare in Richard the III Now is the winter of our discontent He stressed the first word when in iambic pentameter would be unstressed |
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What is an iamb |
A metrical foot used in various type of poetry |
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What is epic poetry? |
Epic poetry is a long narrative poem on a serious and exalted subject Paradise lost by John milton They combine legend, oral history and moral exemplum to inspire and guide future generations |
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What is blank verse? |
A verse makeup of unrhymed lines in iambic pentameter |
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What is a heroic couplet? |
Rhymed pairs of lines in iambic pentameter. Used in epic poetry iambic pentameter. Used in epic poetry iambic pentameter. Used in epic poetry iambic pentameter. Used in epic poetry iambic pentameter. Used in epic poetry iambic pentameter. Used in epic poetry
Ten beats in each line |
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Enjambment |
The running over of words from one verse line or couplet to the next without punctuated pause
E.g. paradise lost duchess Somehow I know not how as if she ranked My gift of a nine hundred year old name My last duchess Somehow I know not how as if she ranked My gift of a nine hundred year old name With anybody's gift. Who'd stoop to blame This sort of trifling With anybody's gift. Who'd stoop to blame This sort of trifling Extensive enjambment in paradise lost in which the opening sentence run 16 lines in enjambment and the entire invocation consists of two sentences |
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What is dramatic poetry? |
The writer creates the voice of an invented character or characters. It's a monologue e.g. my last duchess Egocentric arrogant Italian Duke narrarating who is looking to marry the counts daughter and speaks of his last duchess In dramatic monologue there is only one speaker speaking to an audience The poems do not reveal the poet's own thoughts but the mind of them and their personality is revealed unwittingly |
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What is a rhyming couplet |
Two lines of the same length that rhyme and complete one thought |
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Define lyric poetry |
In it an individual expressed what he or she feels percieves and thinks. Although the point of view is first person its important to distinguish the I of the speaker from that of the actual poet |
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What is a sonnet? |
Form of lyric poetry A verse consisting of 14 lines usually in iambic pentameter Italian sonnet - divides the poem into sections of eight lines and a second section of 6 lines usually following the ABBA ABBA cdecde rhyme scheme English sonnet - divided the poem into three units of four lines each and a final unit of two lines. Classic rhyme scheme is abab ccd efef gg |
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What sonnet is how do I love thee |
Italian sonnet with 14 lines of iambic pentameter with the octave rhyming abbaabba and the sextet rhyming is unusual in cdcdcd |
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What is anaphora as it relates to how do I love thee |
The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentence or clause or line E.g. line 2, 5,7,8,9 and 11 all begin eight I love thee.... |
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What is an elegy |
A form of lyric poetry A formal and sustained lamentbin verse for the death of a particular person usually ending in consolation For sombreros meditations or mortality |
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What is a quatrain? |
Four line stanzas Heroic quatrain uses iambic pentameter and rhymes abab which gray uses in elegy written in a country courtyard |
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What is an ode |
A lyric poem Serious in subject and treatment elevated in style and elaborate in its stanzaic structure |
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What is the difference between a regular/pindaric ode and horatian ode |
Regular- all the strophe and antistrophes written in one stanza and all the epodes in another Turns on the attempt to solve either a personal emotional problem or a generally human one Horation - modelled in the matter, tone and form of the odes In contrast to the passion visionary boldness and formal language in regular odes many horation odes are calm meditative and colloquial. They are usually written in a single repeated stanza form |
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Ode to the west wind |
By percy Shelley Written in iambic pentameter and structure in five fourtine line stanzas Rhyme scheme is composed in terms rima which is a verse form consisting of a sequence of interlinked tercets rhyming abs bcb cdc ded A tercet is a unit of three verse lines Four tercets followed by a couplet What is the effect of closing on a couplet? Quickens the pace as it's a rhyming couplet The poem is about resurrection and rebirth but Shelley is praying for deep seated chsngrd in the way the world is run and hes looking to humankind to make these changes invoking the power of the wind to change not only the seasons but society |
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Ode to a nightingale |
By John Keats Composed of eight stanzas of ten lines each In each stanza the eighth line is in iambic trimester (three rather than five poetic feet) The first four lines of each stanza rhyme Abab and the last cdecde |
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London |
By William Blake Not in iambic pentameter Made up of quatrains(a stanza of four lines)which rhyme abab Verse form is trochaic tetrameter Trochee stressed followed by an unstressed syllable whereas iambic is unstressed followed by a stressed Tetrameter is a four foot verse line London is comprised of lines that have eight beats and that follow a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables A few lines fall outside of this pattern because they lack the final unstressed syllable and is only seven beats long. These lines are known as catalectic. |
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What is A tercet |
A tercet is a unit of three verse lines |
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What is a cataletic line |
When the verse lacks the final unstressed syllable E.g. in William Blake London But most/ through mid/night streets/I hest How the /youth ful / hait lots / curse |
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Tintern abbey |
William woodsworth Written in blank verse (not rhyming) |
