Endocrine System

Front 1

Which hormones are produced in the Anterior Pituitary?

Back 1

Growth Hormone (GH), Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Prolactin (PRL)

Front 2

Which type of receptors do steroid hormones use?

Back 2

Intracellular receptors

Front 3

Cell surface receptors are bound by which types of hormones to activate enzymes?

Back 3

Proteins, Catecholamines, Eicosanoids and Amino Acid derivatives

Front 4

What are the 3 parts of the Pituitary gland (Hypophysis)?

Back 4

Anterior (Adenohypophysis), Posterior (neural outgrowth of Hypothalamus) and Pars Intermedia

Front 5

What are the 6 major hypothalamic factors?

Back 5

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)
GH-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Prolactin-inhibitory hormone (PIH)

Front 6

Since hormones are not made in the posterior pituitary, like the anterior, where are they synthesized?

Back 6

In the magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus

Front 7

What two hormones does the posterior pituitary release, and what are their functions?

Back 7

ADH (vasopressin) - acts on kidney to regulate water and electrolytes; Oxytocin - stimulates parturition and maternal behavior

Front 8

What are the follicles of the Thyroid gland filled with?

Back 8

Colloid, essentially a pool of thyroglobulin

Front 9

What is in the space between the thyroid follicles?

Back 9

Parafollicular cells (C cells), whose function is to secrete the hormone Calcitonin

Front 10

What are the two thyroid hormones and which is most common?

Back 10

T3 and T4 (both are amines), of which T4 is the most secreted because it lasts longer in circulation.

Note: Most T4 is converted to T3 in the cell

Front 11

What do the thyroid hormones effect?

Back 11

They increase the basal metabolic rate; oxygen usage is increased, ensuring blood delivery to tissues. Stimulate bone formation and growth.

Front 12

Where are the 3 pools of calcium in the body?

Back 12

1. Intracellular
2. Extracellular (50% is bound to proteins)
3. Bone stores (Only 1% can be exchanged as most is in mineral state)

Front 13

Calcium homeostasis is controlled by which three hormones?

Back 13

Calcitonin (lowers blood ca), PTH (raises blood ca) and vitamin D (helps express calbindins in small intestine)

Front 14

What classes of hormones does the adrenal gland secrete, and from which part?

Back 14

Cortex - Corticosteroids (Aldosterone, Cortisol, Estrogen)
Medulla - Catecholamines (Adrenaline, Noradrenaline)

Front 15

What are the zones of the Adrenal gland?

Back 15

Cortex - (from capsule to medulla) Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis.
Medulla - simply made up of chromaffin cells

Front 16

What are chromaffin cells?

Back 16

In medulla of adrenal gland. Have cytoplasms full of hormone-containing granules. Synthesize and secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Front 17

What are the functions of aldosterone and cortisol?

Back 17

Aldosterone - promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys.
Cortisol - raise blood glucose level.

Front 18

Granules secreted from chromaffin cells bind to albumin and attach to adrenergic receptors on target cells. How many andrenergic receptors are there? (

Back 18

2 alpha and 3 beta. They increase blood pressure, heart rate, vasodilation, muscle tremor, etc.

Front 19

The endocrine cells in the Pancreas cluster together in Islets of Langerhans. What types of cells are there?

Back 19

Alpha - produce glucagon.
Beta - produce insulin (60%).
Delta - produce somatostatin.

Front 20

What are the actions of glucagon and insulin?

Back 20

Insulin - a protein that lowers blood glucose level.
Glucagon - a protein that increases blood glucose level.

Front 21

What cells take up glucose from the blood when insulin is released?

Back 21

Fat cells!

Front 22

Who are awesome vet students?

Back 22

We are :-)