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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Croup |
Infection causing swelling or pharynx, larynx, and trachea Stridor and seal-bark cough Responds well to humidified oxygen |
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Epiglottitis |
Bacterial infection causing inflammation of epiglottis Children often found in tripod position drooling Position comfortably and provide oxygen |
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
Often cause of illness in young children Causes infection in the lungs and passages Look for signs of dehydration Treat airway and breathing problems |
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Bronchiolitis |
Viral illness often caused by RSV Usually affects newborns and toddlers Bronchioles become inflamed, swell, and fill with mucous Provide oxygen |
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Pneumonia |
Bacterial pneumonia will come on quickly and result in high fever Viral pneumonia is gradual and less severe Esp. affects those chronically ill Assess temperature and provide airway support and supplemental oxygen |
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Pertussis (whooping cough) |
Airborne bacterial infection usually affecting children 6 and under Will be feverish and exhibit a "whoop" after a cough attack Watch for dehydration and suction as needed |
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Influenza type A |
Fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue May lead to pneumonia and dehydration |
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Tuberculosis (TB) |
Bacterial infection that most often affects the lungs Can remain inactive for years Patients can exhibit fever, coughing, fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss Wear gloves, eye protection, and N-95 respirator |
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Pulmonary Edema |
Heart muscle cant circulate blood properly Fluid builds up within alveoli and in lung tissue -usually result of CHF Acute: provide 100% oxygen suction if necessary provide CPAP if protocol |
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COPD |
Slow process of disruption and dilation of airways and alveoli Caused by chronic bronchial obstruction, damage caused by infection, smoking, or toxic gases Emphysema is a type of COPD Most patients have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
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Recognizing COPD |
Older than 50 History of lung problems Active or former smoker Tightness in chest Constant fatigue Barrel-like appearance to chest Use of accessory muscles Abnormal breathing |
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Pleural Effusion |
Collection of fluid outside lung between chest wall Compresses lung and causes dyspnea Can stem from irritation, infection, cancer, or heart failure Upright position eases pain |
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Pulmonary Embolism |
Embolus- a blood clot that circulates through the venous system Dyspnea Tachycardia Tachypnea Varying degrees of hypoxia Cyanosis Acute chest pain Hemoptysis |
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A prolonged asthma attack that is unrelieved may progress into an emergency known as: |
Status Asthmaticus |
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Pneumothorax |
Accumulation of air in pleural space Most often caused by trauma Sometimes caused by medical condition, called spontaneous pneumothorax Patient becomes dyspneic Breath sounds may be absent on affected sign Shifting of trachea |
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Hyperventilation |
Overbreathing to the point where arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal May be trying to compensate for acidosis Can result in alkalosis Can cause symptoms of panic attack Reassure patient and provide supplemental oxygen |
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Which of the following diseases causes obstruction to lower airway? A. Croup B. Asthma C. Epiglottitis D.Laryngitis |
B. Asthma |
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All of the following are causes of acute dyspnea, EXCEPT: A. Asthma B. Emphysema C. Pneumothorax D.Pulmonary Embolism |
B. Emphysema |
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Sudden onset of difficulty breathing, sharp chest pain, and cyanosis that persists despite supplemental oxygen is MOST consistent with: A. Severe pneumonia B. Myocardial infarction C. Pulmonary embolism D. Spontaneous Pneumothorax |
C. Pulmonary embolism |
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70 year old man who recently had a heart attack complains of severe difficulty breathing, esp when lying flat. Coughing up pink, frothy secretions. Most likely experiencing: A. acute right heart failure B. severe left heart failure C. acute onset of bronchitis D. acute pulmonary embolism |
B. Severe left heart ventricle |
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Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs |
Atelectasis |
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A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction |
COPD |
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An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx |
Diphtheria |
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A blot clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage |
Embolus |
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A collection of fluid between the long and chest wall that may compress the lung |
Pleural Effusion |
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A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction. |
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) |
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Complete absence of all heart electrical activity |
Asystole |
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State in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. |
Cardiogenic Shock |
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Disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle, usually results in backup of fluid into the lungs |
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
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Blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle |
Coronary Arteries |
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Lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible b/c permanent damage has not yet occured |
Ischemia` |
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A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel |
Occlusion |
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A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the blood stream |
Thromboembolism |
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Inability to understand and/or produce speech |
Aphasia |
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An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a stroke |
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
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A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causeing stroke like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours |
TIA (transient ischemic attack) |
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A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes |
Status Epilepticus |
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The period following a seizure that lasts 5-30 minutes; characterized by labored breathing and some degree of altered mental status |
Postictal State |
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A seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain |
Partial (focal) seizure |
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A stroke that occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel |
Ischemic Stroke |
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A blood clot lodged in a pulmonary artery is known as: |
Pulmonary embolism |
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If carbon dioxide levels drop too low, the person automatically breathes: |
Fast and shallow |
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If the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood rises above normal, the patient breathes: |
Rapid and deep |
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Rate of breathing increases when: |
Carbon dioxide levels increase |
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An obstruction to the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the capillaries may result from: A. Epiglottitis B. Pneumonia C. a cold D. Croup |
B. Pneumonia |
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Pulmonary edema can develop quickly after a major: A. Heart attack B. episode of syncope C. Brain injury D. Trauma |
A. Heart attack |
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The level of ______ in the blood is a secondary stimulus for respiration. |
Oxygen |
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Blood enters the right atrium from the body through the: |
Vena Cava |
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The only vein(s) that carry oxygenated blood are the: |
Pulmonary veins |
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___ is the maximum pressure exerted by the left ventricle as it contracts. |
Systolic blood pressure |
