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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define "extremities"
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the portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, and hands, and the pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet
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Define "bones"
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hard but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection of vital organs
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Define "joints"
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Places where bones articulate, or meet
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What are the three main purposes of bones?
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Provide body's framework
Support and protection Production of red blood cells |
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What are the four most basic classifications of bones, according to their appearance?
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Long
Short Flat Irregular |
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What type of bone is the femur?
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Long
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What type of the bones are vertebrae?
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irregular
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What do ligaments do?
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connect bone to bone
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What do tendons do?
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connect muscle to bone
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What is the periosteum?
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Strong, white, fibrous material surrounding bone. Blood vessels and nerves pass through it. It's obvious when it's exposed.
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What bones make up the axial skeleton?
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Skull
Spine Ribs Sternum |
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What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
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The bones of the extremities.
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What are the three types of muscles?
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Skeletal
Smooth Cardiac |
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What is cartilage?
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Tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps the body form certain parts such as the ear.
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What is the septum of the nose bone made of?
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Cartilage
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What is the trachea made of?
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Cartilage
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Define "tendons"
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Tissues that connect muscle to bone -- they are bands of connective tissue that give us the power of movement
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Define "ligaments"
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Connective tissues that connect bone to bone and support the joints
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What are the four basic types of musculoskeletal injuries?
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Fracture
Dislocation Sprain Strain |
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What are some symptoms of bone fracture?
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Pain
Tenderness Grating or crepitus Swelling Bruising Exposed bone ends Joints locked in position Blood vessel and nerve compromise |
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Define "open fracture"
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A bone fracture that breaks the skin
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Define "closed fracture"
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A bone fracture that doesn't break the skin
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How do you proceed with a "load and go" or unstable patient with multiple fractures?
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Address ABCs
Use long spine board Do not splint individual injuries on the scene |
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What are the purposes of a splint?
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Immobilize joints and bone ends
Decrease pain Prevent additional injuries |
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What are the purposes of realigning a fractured bone?
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Restore effective circulation
Make splints effective Decrease circulatory compromise Reduction in pain |
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What are the general rules for fracture realignment?
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Grasp distal extremity for support
Splint in position found If extremity is cyanotic or lacks pulse, realign Apply manual traction -- if resistance, stop and splint. If no resistance, maintain traction until splint applied |
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Define "traction splint"
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A splint that applies constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Traction splints are used primarily on femoral shaft fractures.
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What type of bones are found in the arms and thighs?
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Long bones
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Where do you find the major short bones of the body?
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The hands and feet
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What is the strong, white, fibrous membrane that surrounds bones and allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through?
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The periosteum
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What tissues and fibers cause movement of the body?
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Muscles
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What do you call an injury in which bone ends are separated from one another?
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Dislocation
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What type of splint is most effective in immobilizing joint injuries in their position?
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Formable splints
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After taking BSI precautions, exposing the area, and controlling any external bleeding, the next step in immobilizing a long bone fracture is:
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Applying manual stabilization
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If a patient’s injured leg appears shorter than the other, an EMT-B should suspect:
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Hip fracture
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The splint best suited for stabilization of a dislocated shoulder or a foot/ankle injury is a(n):
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soft splint or pillow splint
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The splint best suited for easing pain of muscle spasm associated with fractures of the femur is a(n):
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Traction splint
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Muscle injuries resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle are called:
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Strains
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What is the most common type of bone injury?
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A break or fracture
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What are the three classifications of bone fractures?
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Comminuted, angulated, and greenstick
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When assessing a patient, what does the acronym PMS stand for?
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Pulse, motor, sensory
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For any splint to be effective, what must it immobilize?
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Adjacent joints and bone ends
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Studies of mechanisms of injury indicate that infants and children with fractured femurs often have injury to:
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Internal organs
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What are the most common injuries to the ankle and foot?
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Fractures and sprains
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What do you call a triangular bandage used to support the shoulder and the arm?
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A sling
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What kind of splint would you use to immobilize a midshaft femur fracture?
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A traction splint
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Splinting a closed, angulated fracture in the position in which it was found is usually ineffective, and may cause a(n):
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open fracture during transport
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If your initial assessment reveals an unstable patient, splinting of extremity injuries becomes a ____ priority.
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Low
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A new alternative to the use of a pneumatic anti-shock garment in the treatment of pelvic injuries is a(n):
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Pelvic wrap
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Bones are living tissue, and bleed when injured. A simple tibia-fibula fracture can result in blood loss of:
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500 cc
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Bones are made of dense _____ tissue.
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Connective
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The trachea is made of _____.
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Cartilage
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_______ fractures are considered very serious because they can result in a 3-4 pint internal blood loss.
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Pelvic
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True or false: It is not important for the EMT to decide if a bone really has been fractured. If it is painful, or swollen, provide care as if it is a fracture.
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True
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True or false: To restore a pedal pulse following a knee dislocation, you may be required to move the injured knee anteriorly.
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True
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What term is used to describe the grating sound of broken bones rubbing on each other?
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Crepitus
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