Ecology Lecture 8 Exam 1

Front 1

What are some example of structures found in temperate grasslands?

Back 1

Praries, steppes, Great plains

Front 2

Is grass in temperate grasslands tall of short?

Back 2

Tall grass, up to 1000 mm/year of rain

Front 3

What kind of soil does temperate grasslands/ have?

Back 3

Great soil due to organic input

Front 4

What kind of grass do cold deserts have?

Back 4

Short Grass, < 500 mm/ year

Front 5

What type of rainfall do cold deserts have?

Back 5

LEss rainfall, 250 mm/ year

Front 6

What is the Great Basin an example of?

Back 6

cold deserts

Front 7

What are the two main characteristics of tropical rain forests

Back 7

Warm/ Rainy

Front 8

What is the rainfall like in tropical rain forests?

Back 8

2000 mm/ year

Front 9

What are the longitudinal coordinates of tropical rain forests?

Back 9

20 N and 20 degrees S of equator

Front 10

What kind of structure do tropical rainforests have?

Back 10

Highly vertical structure, tops of trees and understory lot of vegetation at different levels

Front 11

Temperate Grass land/ cold desert graph

Back 11

Front 12

When is the growing season for tropical rainforests?

Back 12

Whole year,

Front 13

What happens to the soil with tropical rainforests?

Back 13

Organic matter decomposes quickly; soil deep in nutrient rich

Front 14

Tropical rainforest graph

Back 14

Front 15

When do tropical seasonal forests/ savannas usually occur?

Back 15

Typically above 10 degrees N and 10 degrees S

Front 16

What type of summers do tropical seasonal forests/ savannas have?

Back 16

Hot, dry summers

Front 17

When are the wet seasons in tropical seasonal forests/ savannas ?

Back 17

One in Spring and one in fall

Front 18

What type of vegetation occurs in tropical seasonal forests/ savannas ?

Back 18

Deciduous trees, grasses, often associated with ants

Front 19

What is something unique about tropical seasonal forests/ savannas?

Back 19

have recurring fires, grazing large herbivores help prevent large forests from establishing

Front 20

What is the growing season like in tropical seasonal forests/ savannas ?

Back 20

Long

Front 21

Graph of tropical seasonal forests/ savannas

Back 21

Front 22

Are tropical seasonal forests/ savannas good for farming?

Back 22

Yes, nutrient rich

Front 23

What type of biodome is associated with Hadley cells?

Back 23

subtropical (Hot) deserts

Front 24

What are Hadley cells?

Back 24

a large-scale atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitudes, typically about 30° north or south.

Front 25

What are the soils like in subtropical (Hot) deserts ?

Back 25

shallow, devoid of organic

Front 26

What has happened in subtropical (Hot) deserts because of the dryness?

Back 26

Lots of adaptations to store and retain water like shrubs and small trees

Front 27

What is the growth pattern like in a subtropical (hot) desert?

Back 27

highly seasonal

Front 28

What are some characteristics of the rain and plants and seed production in subtropical (hot) desert? ?

Back 28

Summer rains, herbions plants, sprout, reproduce drop seed before soils dry out again

Front 29

What is the growing season and precipitation like in subtropical (hot) desert?

Back 29

Long growing season with little precipitation

Front 30

subtropical (hot) desert GRAPH

Back 30

Front 31

What does hot dry summer look like in graph form?

Back 31

Front 32

How are aquatic biomes categorized?

Back 32

by flow, depth and salinity

Front 33

How are terrestrial biomes categorized?

Back 33

Their major plant growth forms

Front 34

How many categories are there of terrestrial biomes?

Back 34

9

Front 35

What is a lotic system?

Back 35

characterized by flowing fresh water

Front 36

What does flow rate help determine?

Back 36

O2 Level

Front 37

What type of biomes are streams and rivers?

Back 37

Flowing aqueous biomes

Front 38

What is another name for a stream?

Back 38

Creek

Front 39

narrow channel of fast flowing fresh water

Back 39

stream or creek

Front 40

wide channel of slow flowing fresh water

Back 40

River

Front 41

terrestrial vegetation alongside rivers and streams

Back 41

Riparian zone

Front 42

Inputs of organic matter, such as leaves that come from outside of an ecosystem

Back 42

Allochthonous

Front 43

Is allochthonous characteristic of streams or rivers?

Back 43

Streams

Front 44

Inputs of organic matter that are produced by algae and aquatic plants inside an ecosystem

Back 44

Autochthonous

Front 45

Is autochthonous characteristic of streams or rivers?

Back 45

Rivers

Front 46

What do dams do? (2 things)

Back 46

Generate energy, control flooding

Front 47

What do dams do to flow rate?

Back 47

decrease it

Front 48

What do dams do to turbidity?

Back 48

Increase it

Front 49

What is turbidity?

Back 49

Amount of carried particles

Front 50

What is the largest dam

Back 50

Three Gorges dam in China

Front 51

characterized by non-flowing fresh water with some area of water that is too deep for plants to rise above the waters surface

Back 51

Ponds/lakes

Front 52

Where does primary production happen?

Back 52

In H2O

Front 53

What are the zones of ponds and lakes from deep to superficial?

Back 53

Profundal, limnetic zone, littoral zone, with the Benthic zone near the rocks

Front 54

Where do microorganisms live in ponds and lakes?

Back 54

In sediments

Front 55

What are inputs from?

Back 55

Decomposition

Front 56

Where does photosynthesis happen in ponds and lakes?

Back 56

Limneitc zone (algae)

Front 57

Which zone sees no light in ponds and lakes?

Back 57

Profundal

Front 58

What does Epilimnion mean?

Back 58

Above surface H20

Front 59

What does hypolimnion mean?

Back 59

below thermocline can include limentic zone

Front 60

There is a sharp difference in temperature between ______ and ________

Back 60

Epilimnion and hypolimnion

Front 61

Graph of temperature of ponds and lakes

Back 61

Front 62

What happens in the fall and spring in ponds and lakes?

Back 62

Overturn nutrients; creates blooms of algae

Also between spring and summer

Front 63

What happens between summer and winter in ponds and lakes?

Back 63

Surface water cools, denser sinks

Front 64

What is the temperature of the densest H20 in Autumn and water in ponds and lakes?

Back 64

4 degrees celcius

Front 65

What happens inbetween winter and spring?

Back 65

surface warms and ice melts and it sinks

Front 66

Contains standing fresh water or soils saturated with fresh water for at least part of the year

Back 66

Freshwater wetland

Front 67

What are freshwater wetlands good at?

Back 67

Water purification

Front 68

What are freshwater wetlands good for?

Back 68

Shallow enough for emergent vegetation

Front 69

Contain emergent woody vegetation

Back 69

Swamps

Front 70

Contain emergent non-woody vegetation

Back 70

Marshes like grass and everglades

Front 71

Contain acidic water and plants adapted to these conditions

Back 71

Bogs

Front 72

Saltwater biome containing non-woody emergent vegetation

Back 72

salt marshes

Front 73

Mouths of rivers mix with salt water from oceans

Back 73

Estuaries

Front 74

What are estuaries productive in terms of?

Back 74

Biomes/ primary production

Front 75

What is an example of salt marshes or estuaries?

Back 75

Mississippi River Delta

Front 76

Occur along tropical and subtropical coasts

Back 76

Mangrove swamps

Front 77

What is typical of mangrove swamps?

Back 77

Salt tolerant plants (Halophiles)

Front 78

What are mangrove swamps important for?

Back 78

Preventing erosion of coast

Front 79

A biome consisting of the narrow band of coastline between the levels of high tide and low tide

Back 79

Intertidal zones

Front 80

What do intertidal zones go between?

Back 80

Wet/ hot dry

Front 81

What do the physical structures of coral reefs provide for many species?

Back 81

create home

Front 82

What type of latitudes do coral reefs have?

Back 82

Tropical ones,

Front 83

How do coral reefs keep the water?

Back 83

About 20 degrees all year

Front 84

Do coral reefs have high or low species diversity?

Back 84

High

Front 85

Algae species have what kind of relationship with coral?

Back 85

Mutlaistic

Front 86

Is the open ocean relatively productive or not?

Back 86

Unproductive

Front 87

What the Neritic zone?

Back 87

On the continental shelf, upwelling zones and nutrients

Front 88

Where does photosynthesis occur in the ocean?

Back 88

Photic zone

Front 89

What happens as you go deeper in the oceans?

Back 89

Becomes less photosynthetic because of lack of sun

Front 90

Superficial to deep layers of the ocean

Back 90

Oceanic, Photic, Aphotic

Front 91

Picture of the open ocean

Back 91

Front 92

Scientific names assigned to species and higher order groups where grouping is based on similarity

Back 92

Linnaean taxonomoy

Front 93

What is linnaean taxonomy referred to?

Back 93

Binomial nomenclature (genus then species)

Front 94

Branching relationships of populations as they give rise to multiple descendant populations over evolutionary time

Back 94

Phylogeny

Front 95

Any observable characteristic of organisms

Back 95

Trait

Front 96

What are some examples of traits?

Back 96

Anatomical, skeletons, behavioral, molecular DNA or RNA or protein

Front 97

How do people do phylogenetic trees?

Back 97

Inter pattern ancestry, mapping addition traits on tree, study the timing of events

Front 98

Hypothesis about evolutionary relationships

Back 98

Phylogenetic trees

Front 99

Which climate diagrams best represents a biome good for growing grapes and making wine?

Back 99

The one with precipitation below the temperature, hot dry summer