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71 Cards in this Set
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The scientific study of the abundance and distribution of organisms in relation to other organisms and environmental conditions |
Ecology |
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Darwin called ecology |
The economy of nature |
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Ecological systems exist in ____ organization |
hierarchical |
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Ecological principles are governed by ____ and ___ principles |
Physical and biological |
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Different organisms do what in ecological systems? |
Play diverse roles |
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Scientists use |
Many approaches to study ecology |
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T or F: humans influence ecological systems |
T |
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What is an ecological system? |
Biological collections that have their own internal processes and interact with their external surroundings |
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Smallest to largest ecological units |
Individual---> Biosphere |
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The most fundamental unit of ecology |
Individual |
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Environment--> |
individual |
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individuals that are capable of interbreeding or share genetic similarity |
Species |
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Network of gene sharing is called |
Horizontal gene transfer |
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Similar phenotypes may have very different |
Genomes |
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individuals of the same species living in a particular area |
population |
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What are the criteria for a population? |
Geographic range, abundance, density, age, sexy genotype |
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What is density? |
Number of organisms per area |
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What is abundance |
Number of individuals in the population |
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Populations of species living together in a particular area |
community |
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A community includes all what? |
Interactions between different species |
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What are some interactions that two species can have? |
Mutualism, competition, predation |
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one or more communities or living organisms interacting with their nonliving physical and chemical environments |
ecosystem |
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Energy and matter flow between what? |
Different physical and biological components |
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All ecosystems on Earth |
biosphere |
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Understands how adaptations or characteristics of an individuals morphology, physiology, and behavior enable it to survive in an environment |
Individual approach |
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Examines variation in the number, density and composition of individuals over time and space |
Population approach |
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Understands the diversity and interactions of organisms living together in the same place |
Community approach |
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describes the storage and transfer of energy and matter |
ecosystem approach |
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Examines movements of energy and chemicals over the Earths surface |
Biosphere approach |
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What are the two conservations laws? |
That of energy and mass/matter |
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Where is heat inside earth from? |
radioactive breakdown |
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attribute of an organism (morphology or behavior) |
Phenotype |
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Set of genes in an organisms genome |
Genotypes |
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Shapes the genetic composition of a pop over time |
Evolution |
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What is a short evolution timescale? |
Change in frequency of gene |
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What is a long evolution time scale? |
Change in morphology |
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Different survival and reproduction of individuals |
Natural selection |
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Variation in genes/ genotypes leads to what |
variation in traits |
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Natural selection requries |
Variation |
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Natural selection takes a |
long time |
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traits shaped by natural selection that increase fitness (survival/ reproduction) |
Adaptations |
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Evolution is how |
Diverse life arose |
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What is the lactose enzyme an example of? |
natural selection, Africa has a high prevalence of lactase |
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Bacteria do what? |
Take hydrogen sulfide and turn it into energy and biological compounds |
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Organisms can store light and chemical energy where? |
In organic compounds |
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Some bacteria do what? |
Store nitrogen to help the plants |
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Relationships between organisms can be |
helpful or harmful |
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autotrophs convert |
chemical energy into resources |
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Autotrophs are |
producers |
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Heterotrophs are |
consumers |
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Heterotrophs obtain their nutrients from where |
other organisms |
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can switch between being producers and consumers |
Mixotrophs |
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consume dead animals |
scavengers |
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break down dead organic matter into smaller particles |
detritivores |
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break down detritus into simpler elements that can be recycled |
decomposers |
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Predation benefits |
One species |
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Parasitism benefits |
one species |
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Herbivory benefits |
one species |
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Competition benefits |
neither species |
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Mutualism benefits |
both species |
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Commensalism |
Benefits one species and has no effect on the other |
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what is an example of commensalism? |
Epiphytes, plants live on other plants |
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place where organisms live |
habitat |
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range of abiotic/ biotic conditions for an organism |
Niche |
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Treatment |
factor to manipulate |
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Treatment includes all components except factor of interest |
control |
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reproducing experiments multiple times |
replication |
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prevents confounding variables |
randomization |
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the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors. |
allelopathy |
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Increasing population size ____ the strength of genetic drift |
decreases |
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Which treatment number is the control? |
Planted outside devils garden ants not excluded |
