Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Why is homeostasis thought to be involved with eating behaviour? (2) (AO1) |
• Homeostasis involves mechanisms that detects the state of internal environment and also correct it to restore that environment to it's optimal state • therefore it regulates thinks like intake of food and drink |
|
|
What are the two homeostatic mechanisms regulating food intake? (5) (AO1) (dual centre theory) |
• hunger increases = glucose decreases • glucose decrease activates the lateral hypothalamus = results in feelings of hunger • when individual eats = glucose levels increases • glucose increase = activation of ventromedial hypothalamus • ventromedial hypothalamus = leads to feelings satiation and cessation of eating |
|
|
Why do the homeostatic hunger mechanisms fail to be fully adaptive? (3) (AO2) (H) |
• they don't anticipate and prevent energy deficits, they just react to them
• the claim that feelings of hunger are only triggered when energy resources fall below optimal level is inconsistent with the harsh environment in which this mechanism would have developed
• a buffer against lack of future food availability would have been necessary in such circumstances |
|
|
How can the evolutionary approach offer an alternative explanation compared to homeostasis? (1) (IDA) |
• primary influence for hunger and eating is not homeostasis, but foods positive-incentive value • I.e people eat because they develop a taste for foods that promote survival |
|
|
How was the role of the lateral hypothalamus discovered? (1) (AO1) |
• researchers discovered that damage to the LH in rats causes aphagia (absence of eating) • stimulation of the LH brings about feeding behaviour |
|
|
How did researchers find out the importance of NPY? (2) (AO1) |
• NPY was injected to LH and this caused rats to immediately start feeding, even when satiated • shows NPY is important in turning on eating behaviour |
|
|
How was the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus discovered? (2) (AO1) |
• researchers saw that when the VMH was damaged in rats this caused hyperphagia (overeating) • therefore stimulation to this area is what inhibits feeding |
|
|
What did Marie et al find when manipulated NPY levels in mice? (1) (AO2) (LH) |
• mice made no difference in eating behaviour compare to normal mice |
|
|
What does Gold claim about giving lesions to the VMH? (2) (AO2) (VMH) |
• lesions in VMH only resulted in overeating if lesion includes PVN (paraventricular nucleus) • however, other research fails to support Gold's findings |
|
|
With knowledge of NPY, how can this be use in real life application? (1) (IDA) |
• targeting individuals at risk of increased levels of NPY, should be able to treat obesity |
|
|
How does the hormone leptin influence eating behaviour? (4) (AO1) |
• leptin is produced by fat tissue and results a decrease in appetite • leptin signals to the brain via hypothalamus that calorie storage is high • however when people do not eat this causes leptin to drop • this causes a generation of hunger via the hypothalamus |
|
|
What is the role of the amygdala? (1) (AO1) |
• selects foods on the basis of experience |
|
|
How is the role of the amygdala in the influence of eating behaviour shown in the real world? (2) (IDA) |
• Kluver Bucy syndrome • research with these patients shows patterns of indiscriminate eating with individuals when trying to eat non food items • peoples 'eat anything' attitude is due to a damaged amygdala as it no longer responds to the cue of taste, smell |
|
|
When Zald and Pardo exposed healthy adults to unpleasant smells, what did they find when measuring blood flow to amygdala? (2) (AO2) (AMYG) |
• exposure to bad smells increase blood flow whereas nice smells did not • physiological evidence that shows how the amygdala is involved in the emotional processing of smells |
|
|
How does Lutter et al's research show that hunger isn't just purely under neutral control? (3) (IDA) |
• body produces extra quantities of the hormone ghrelin in response to stress • ghrelin also boosts appetite, leading to increase comfort eating • this suggests that the body's response to ghrelin may help people with a tendency to comfort eat when stressed, to control their weight |
