Earth Science Quiz 1 Unit 2

Front 1

smaller earthquakes that occur after a major earthquake

Back 1

aftershocks

Front 2

waves that travel through the interior of Earth; there are two types: primary and secondary waves

Back 2

body waves

Front 3

process of heat transfer by the circulation or movement of a gas, liquid, or plastic material

Back 3

convection

Front 4

immediate return of deformed rock to its natural shape

Back 4

elastic rebound

Front 5

location on the earth's surface directly over the focus of an earthquake

Back 5

epicenter

Front 6

specific point in the earth where the rock layers along a fault move, producing an earthquake

Back 6

focus

Front 7

wet soil behaves like a liquid and is no longer able to support buildings during an earthquake

Back 7

liquefaction

Front 8

waves that travel on the surface of the earth; there is one type of surface wave: Love waves

Back 8

surface waves

Front 9

where does most seismic activity occur?

Back 9

along tectonic plate boundaries

Front 10

force that drives earthquake activity

Back 10

plate tectonics

Front 11

earthquakes are the cause for other natural disasters like: ________

Back 11

landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction

Front 12

After an earthquake, additional adjustments can occur along the fault. These adjustments can cause damaging vibrations called _____.

Back 12

aftershocks

Front 13

remember p-wave, l-wave, and s-wave motions

Back 13

okey dokey

Front 14

Tectonic plate movement is created by _____ in the underlying mantle.

Back 14

convection

Front 15

mini-quakes that usually occur before a major earthquake

Back 15

foreshocks

Front 16

measure of the total amount of energy released during an earthquake

Back 16

magnitude

Front 17

scale that measures the effects or severity of an earthquake

Back 17

mercalli intensity scale

Front 18

newer magnitude scale that measures the amount of moved (displaced) rock along a fault to determine the strength of an earthquake

Back 18

moment magnitude scale

Front 19

scale of magnitude based on the size of seismic waves produced by an earthquake

Back 19

richter scale

Front 20

areas on active faults where a major earthquake hasn't occurred in a long time

Back 20

seismic gaps

Front 21

a record of the time and intensity of the energy waves produced by an earthquake

Back 21

seismogram

Front 22

instrument used to record and measure vibrations from earthquakes or earth tremors

Back 22

seismograph

Front 23

scientific study of earthquakes

Back 23

seismology

Front 24

process used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake

Back 24

triangulation

Front 25

The area where rock layers first move along a fault is the _____ of an earthquake.

Back 25

focus

Front 26

A seismograph records an earthquake, but scientists do not feel it. The earthquake has a magnitude _____.

Back 26

<2.0

Front 27

The farther apart the P and S waves are on a seismogram, the farther away is the epicenter of an earthquake. t/f

Back 27

true

Front 28

What are some signs that an earthquake may occur? (3)

Back 28

foreshocks, well water level changes, rock magnitude properties change

Front 29

arch-shaped, upward fold in rock

Back 29

anticline

Front 30

block of rock below the slant of a fault

Back 30

footwall

Front 31

a lower block of rock between two normal faults

Back 31

graben

Front 32

block of rock above the slant of a fault

Back 32

hanging wall

Front 33

an uplifted block of rock between two normal faults

Back 33

horst

Front 34

a ramp-like fold between flat rock layers at different elevations

Back 34

monocline

Front 35

fault that occurs when two tectonic plates are moving apart from each other; the hanging wall drops relative to the footwall

Back 35

normal fault

Front 36

fault that occurs when two tectonic plates collide; the hanging wall rises relative to the footwall

Back 36

reverse fault

Front 37

cliff-like landform created by a normal fault

Back 37

scarp

Front 38

fault that occurs when two tectonic plates are sliding sideways against each other in opposite directions

Back 38

strike-slip fault

Front 39

U-shaped, downward fold in rock

Back 39

syncline

Front 40

Compressional stress on rock can cause strong and deep earthquakes, usually at _____.

Back 40

reverse faults

Front 41

Shear stress created the San Andreas Fault in Southern California. It is an example of a _____.

Back 41

strike-slip fault

Front 42

a valley of rolling hills is an example of _____.

Back 42

anticlines and synclines

Front 43

When tectonic plates pull apart from one another, tensional stress is placed on rock layers and a ______ fault occurs.

Back 43

normal

Front 44

When a huge block of rock is pushed up at a normal fault, a ______ mountain is usually formed.

Back 44

fault-block

Front 45

You can tell normal and reverse faults apart because at a normal fault the hanging wall has _____ relative to the footwall.

Back 45

dropped