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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the function of the screen of an X-ray cassette? |
To decrease the exposure necessary to create an image on the film |
Allow use of higher kVp settings. Protect the film from light. Absorb scatter radiation to increase image clarity. To decrease the exposure necessary to create an image on the film. |
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A dog in respiratory distress should not be placed in which position for radiographs? |
Dorsal |
Left lateral Dorsal Right lateral Sternal |
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A fistulogram involves taking a radiograph after a contrast agent is administered into what location? |
Draining tract |
Intravenous Carpus Bladder Tarsus Draining tract |
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What is the purpose of a grid on an x-ray table? |
To prevent scatter radiation from reaching the film. |
To prevent primary radiation from reaching the film. To decrease the exposure necessary to create an image on the film. To protect the film from light. To prevent scatter radiation from reaching the film. To provide a reliable scale for measuring structures that appear magnified on the film. |
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If a pulmonary metastatic lesion is visible on a right lateral radiograph but not on a left lateral radiograph, where is the lesion most likely to be? |
One of the left lung lobes |
One of the right lung lobes. One of the ventral lung lobes. One of the caudal lung lobes. One of the left lung lobes. One of the dorsal lung lobes. One of the cranial lung lobes. |
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Some x-ray machines have the option of using 2 different sized filaments at the cathode. Which of the following is an advantage of using a larger filament? |
Higher exposures can be used |
Increased penumbra effect Higher exposures can be used Decreased penumbra effect Improved image definition |
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What technique should be used to obtain a lateral oblique radiograph of the left tympanic bulla? |
Patient should be placed in lateral recumbency, left side down; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the VD position. |
Patient should be placed in lateral recumbency, left side down; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the VD position. Patient should be placed in dorsal recumbency in a crouching position with the chin resting on a foam block; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the right lateral position. Patient should be placed in lateral recumbency, right side down; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the VD position Patient should be placed in dorsal recumbency in a crouching position with the chin resting on a foam block; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the left lateral position. |
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When taking a radiograph of the radius and ulna, which of the following will occur if the x-ray beam is perpendicular to the cassette but not to the long axis of the radius and ulna? |
The radius and ulna will appear foreshortened. |
The radius will appear foreshortened, and the ulna will appear elongated. The radius and ulna will appear foreshortened. The radius and ulna will appear elongated. The radius will appear elongated, and the ulna will appear foreshortened. |
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Which of the following components of a digital radiography unit has the biggest influence on image quality? |
Monitor |
Workstation processor Workstation graphics card Server processor Monitor |
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Which of the following is considered part of the plantar surface? |
The underside of the hindpaw |
The top surface of the forepaw The underside of the hindpaw The top surface of the hindpaw The underside of the forepaw |
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When placing craniocaudal radiographs of the stifle joint on a viewer for a veterinarian to evaluate, how should the film be oriented? |
The lateral side of the right limb should be to the viewer's left; the lateral side of the left limb should be to the viewer's right. |
The lateral side should be to the viewer's right. The medial side of the right limb should be to the viewer's left; the medial side of the left limb should be to the viewer's right. The lateral side of the right limb should be to the viewer's left; the lateral side of the left limb should be to the viewer's right. The lateral side should be to the viewer's left. |
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Which of the following should be done with a dog after a myelogram to decrease the risk of procedure-related complications? |
Elevate the head |
Stabilize the neck Place a chest tube Administer a bolus of crystalloid IV fluids Elevate the head |
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You are asked to take a lateral oblique radiograph of a horse's fetlock with a portable x-ray unit. Where will the x-ray unit be and where should the film cassette be? |
The x-ray beam should come from the more dorsal side of the limb, and the film will be on the more medial aspect of the limb. |
The x-ray beam should come from the more plantar side of the limb, and the film will be on the more medial aspect of the limb. The x-ray beam should come from the more dorsal side of the limb, and the film will be on the more lateral aspect of the limb. The x-ray beam should come from the more dorsal side of the limb, and the film will be on the more medial aspect of the limb. The x-ray beam should come from the more dorsal side of the limb, and the film will be on the more lateral aspect of the limb. |
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Which of the following are intended to shield the user from the primary X-ray beam? |
Collimator |
Lead gloves Thyroid shield Dosimeter badge Collimator Apron |
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Which of the following choices most accurately describes the "heel effect" in diagnostic radiology? |
X-ray beam intensity declines toward the anode side of the x-ray machine |
X-ray beam intensity declines toward the anode side of the x-ray machine. There is increased radiation dose to bone relative to soft tissues with lower energy x-rays. There is increased radiation dose to bone relative to soft tissues with higher energy x-rays. At the edge of the collimated field, there is a region where the x-ray beam gradually declines known as the penumbra. |
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When taking a radiograph of the tibia and fibula, which of the following will occur if the x-ray beam is perpendicular to the tibia and fibula but not to the x-ray cassette and film? |
The tibia and fibula will appear elongated. |
The tibia and fibula will appear elongated. The tibia will appear foreshortened, and the fibula will appear elongated. The tibia will appear elongated, and the fibula will appear foreshortened. The tibia and fibula will appear foreshortened. |
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Which bone is not associated with the forelimb? |
Tibia |
Tibia Metacarpal Ulna Humerus Radius |
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When placing lateral radiographs of the stifle joint on a viewer for a veterinarian to evaluate, how should the film be oriented? |
The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the left and the proximal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox. |
The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the right and the proximal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox. The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the left and the proximal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox. The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the right and the distal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox. The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the left and the distal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox. |
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You are asked to take a dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique radiograph of a horse's fetlock with a portable x-ray unit. A cross-section of the limb is diagrammed and labeled below with the red lines representing two possible x-ray cassette placement locations. Pick the letter that corresponds to the correct cassette placement and the correct placement of the marker on the cassette. |
D |
C A D B |
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Which is a "ball and socket" type of joint? |
Hip |
Hip Elbow Atlantoaxial Stifle |
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How many days after fertilization will canine fetal skeletons first appear on a radiograph? |
42 |
50 days 63 days 42 days 22 days 14 days |
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All of the following pieces of information legally must be present on a radiographic film EXCEPT for which of the following? |
Patient breed |
Patient breed Name of practice Name of patient and owner Date of radiograph |
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Which of the following represents the source of the most radiation exposure to a veterinary technician who is restraining a cat for a radiograph, taking the exposure, and processing the film? |
Scatter from the patient area. |
Scatter from the patient area. Scatter radiation from the collimator housing. Radiation from the radiograph processing equipment. Radiation from standing too close to the cathode. |
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Which is a hinge joint connecting the humerus to the radius and ulna? |
Elbow |
Elbow Stifle Shoulder Tarsus |
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A 7-year old Saint Bernard dog has a lesion of the left distal radius that is highly suspicious for a bone tumor (osteosarcoma). Prior to surgery, a bone scan is ordered and performed. What is the main reason for this study? |
To identify possible additional bone lesions (other than the left radius lesion) that may represent bony metastases. |
To identify possible pulmonary metastatic lesions. To confirm the diagnosis of osteosarcoma of the left distal radius. To provide greater anatomic detail regarding the lesion in the left distal radius. To identify possible additional bone lesions (other than the left radius lesion) that may represent bony metastases. |
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Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton? |
Limbs |
Ribs Limbs Skull Spine |
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What is the metallic element present on radiograph film that turns black when exposed and run through the radiograph development process? |
Silver |
Tungsten Magnesium Silver Gold Zinc Lead |
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The current accepted standard image format for digital radiographs is called DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine). DICOM files have many advantages over other types of image files. Which of the following is NOT true of DICOM images? |
DICOM image files can be sent to other veterinarians or to owners and can be viewed in almost any photo viewer. |
DICOM image files allow for storage, query/retrieval, and manipulation of images. DICOM image files contain information about the patient and the type of study performed. DICOM images are less easily altered by image editing software than other types of images (i.e. JPG, TIFF) and are therefore more appropriate for a medical record. DICOM image files are arranged into images, studies, and series where each study may consist of one or more series and each series may consist of one or more images DICOM image files can be sent to other veterinarians or to owners and can be viewed in almost any photo viewer. |
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What is a pneumocystogram? |
A radiograph of the bladder taken after having had air injected into it. |
A radiograph of the bladder taken after intravenous injection of positive contrast that is excreted via the kidneys. A radiograph of the bladder taken after direct injection of positive contrast. Fluoroscopy of the kidney and bladder taken after intravenous injection of positive contrast that is excreted via the kidneys. A radiograph of the bladder taken after having had air injected into it. |
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What is the purpose of a Potter-Bucky diaphragm on an X-ray machine (sometimes called a "Bucky tray")? |
Prevent patient movement Eliminate grid lines on the film |
Decrease exposure time that is necessary to produce a diagnostic image. Prevent patient movement. Eliminate grid lines on the film. Increase contrast of the film. |
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Name one of the bones that is fractured in this radiograph. (see image) |
Radius |
Tibia Radius Metacarpal Humerus |
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Why are oblique radiographic views of certain joints typically obtained? |
To decrease superimposition of structures. |
To change the position of air or fluid in or around the joint. To decrease superimposition of structures. To prevent foreshortening or elongation artifacts. To decrease the amount of scatter that is causing distortion on the film. |
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Nervous tissue without myelin is known as which of the following? |
Grey matter |
Dura mater Grey matter White matter Pia mater |
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Which type of urinary stone is lucent and does not typically show up on a radiograph? |
Urate |
Struvite Calcium oxalate Urate Magnesium ammonium phosphate. |
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All of the following radiation protection measures are intended to decrease the dose to the technician EXCEPT which of the following? |
Use of filtration at the portal of the X-ray tube |
Use of filtration at the portal of the X-ray tube. Collimating the beam to the smallest aperture necessary. Lead glasses. Use of lead gloves with at least 0.5 mm lead equivalent. |
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What technique should be used to obtain a lateral oblique radiograph of the left tympanic bulla? |
Patient should be placed in lateral recumbency, left side down; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the VD position. |
Patient should be placed in lateral recumbency, right side down; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the VD position. Patient should be placed in lateral recumbency, left side down; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the VD position. Patient should be placed in dorsal recumbency in a crouching position with the chin resting on a foam block; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the left lateral position. Patient should be placed in dorsal recumbency in a crouching position with the chin resting on a foam block; the skull should be rotated 20 degrees towards the right lateral position. |
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What procedure requires the use of contrast (dye)? |
Myelogram |
Arthroscopy Myelogram Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasound CT scan |
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Which of the following people is not allowed to restrain a patient for a radiograph? |
17-year old male veterinary assistant that is working at the clinic for the summer. |
17-year old male veterinary assistant that is working at the clinic for the summer. 22-year old female pre-veterinary student that is volunteering to get experience for her vet school application. 26-year old female veterinary technician who is 5-months pregnant. 63-year old veterinarian who owns the practice. |
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A dog presents with weakness, depression, polyuria, polydipsia, and dilute urine. X-rays reveal a mediastinal mass. Where is the mediastinum located? |
In the chest |
In the chest. In the central abdomen. Caudal to the kidneys. In the cervical spine. In the lumbar spine. |
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During which of the following periods is a human embryo or fetus most sensitive to adverse effects from radiation? |
First trimester |
Second trimester. First trimester. Third trimester. The is no difference in the risk based on the stage of pregnancy. |
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You take and develop an abdominal radiograph of an animal, but the radiograph appears much too light (underexposed) throughout the area of the patient. You increase the exposure (mAs) and the radiograph is still much too light. The portion of the radiograph outside the body of the patient is completely black (exposed). Which of the following is the most likely problem? |
X-ray energy (kVp) is too low. |
The fixative in the processor is low. The developer in the processor is low. The tungsten target in the. X-ray machine needs to be replaced X-ray energy (kVp) is too low. X-ray energy (kVp) is too high. |
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In what anatomical location can the atlas and axis be found? |
Cervical region |
Mandible Abdominal cavity Pelvis Cervical region |
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When taking a lateral thoracic radiograph of a dog, where should the field be centered? |
5th rib and caudal border of the scapula. |
3rd rib and the cranial border of the scapula. 7th rib and the spine of the scapula. 5th rib and caudal border of the scapula. 2nd rib and the manubrium of the sternum. 9th rib and the xiphoid process of the sternum. |
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Which of the following types of radiographs is helpful in confirming the presence of free air or fluid, if it is suspected based on survey films (DV, VD and lateral projections)? |
Horizontal beam |
Horizontal beam Vertical beam Bisecting angle technique Skyline view |
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Developed radiographs that appear yellow are usually due to a problem with which of the following? |
Fixer solution |
Intensifying screen Developer solution Film storage Fixer solution |
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Which of the following can be easily changed by a technician to increase the amount of exposure on a radiograph without affecting the amount of contrast? |
Increase milliamperage |
Increase kilovoltage Increase milliamperage Decrease field size ("cone down") Decrease time of exposure |
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You pull a 6 year old film out of a folder to compare to radiographs that you took today. The old film appears to have yellow-brown staining. What is the likely cause of this? |
Incomplete washing of the film. |
Incomplete drying of the film. Incomplete washing of the film. Film was left in developer too long. Storing the film at a hot temperature. |
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Which of the following principles will always improve radiographic image quality? |
Use the highest milliampere (mA) setting and lowest time (s) setting possible to achieve the desired mAs. |
Use the lowest milliampere (mA) setting and the highest time (s) setting possible to achieve the desired mAs. Use the lowest kilovoltage (kVp) setting and the highest milliampere (mA) that adequately exposes the film as possible Use the highest milliampere (mA) setting and lowest time (s) setting possible to achieve the desired mAs. Use the highest kilovoltage (kVp) setting and the lowest milliampere (mA) that adequately exposes the film as possible. |
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You are training a radiology technician on methods of restraining patients using sandbags and positioning devices that will allow her to step out of the radiology suite during the radiograph exposure. The radiology technician asks you why this is necessary, since she always wears her dosimetry badge and has always been well below the established exposure limits. What important principle of radiation safety dictates that further efforts such as these should still be made to decrease radiation exposure to the radiology technician? |
ALARA |
Time, distance, and shielding ALARA Rad Rem MPD |
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Which of the following statements is true regarding non-screen film in comparison to screen x-ray film in radiography? |
Non-screen film is more sensitive to x-rays. |
Non-screen film is best for imaging larger animals or body parts. Non-screen film is more sensitive to x-rays. Non-screen film requires less radiation exposure to produce a diagnostic image. Non-screen film produces images that have less detail. |
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You are taking thoracic radiographs to evaluate for lung metastasis in a dog with splenic hemangiosarcoma. What radiographic views should be taken? |
Right lateral, left lateral, and either a dorsoventral or ventrodorsal projection. |
A left lateral and a dorsoventral projection. A right lateral and a ventrodorsal projection. Either a dorsoventral or a ventrodorsal projection AND either a right lateral or left lateral. Dorsoventral, ventrodorsal, and either a right lateral or left lateral projection. Right lateral, left lateral, and either a dorsoventral or ventrodorsal projection. |
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A dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique radiograph of the carpus is frequently referred to as what type of radiograph? |
Skyline view |
Skyline view Flexed lateral view Horizontal beam Bisecting angle Cross-sectional view |
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Which of the following structures in the body is most sensitive to radiation? |
Ocular lens |
Cerebral neurons Bones of the hand Thyroid gland Ocular lens |
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Barium for an upper GI radiograph series should not be given to a patient with which of the following? |
Aspiration pneumonia |
Renal insufficiency Dehydration Aspiration pneumonia Partial small intestinal obstruction. Diarrhea |
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The "boxing glove" shape of air in this dog's abdomen is indicative of what emergency? |
Gastric dilatation and volvulus |
Pneumothorax Gastric dilatation and volvulus Splenic torsion Bladder rupture |
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Which of the following would most commonly be enlarged on chest films of a heartworm positive dog? |
Pulmonary arteries |
Left atrium Aorta Pulmonary arteries Lymph nodes |
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A 3-year old castrated male Doberman Pinscher comes in to the emergency clinic with signs consistent with gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV). Following standard initial emergency treatment for suspected gastric dilation and volvulus, what imaging procedure would be most helpful in confirming the diagnosis? |
Right lateral recumbency abdominal radiograph. |
Abdominal ultrasound exam. Right lateral recumbency abdominal radiograph. Barium contrast abdominal radiograph. Dorsal recumbency abdominal radiograph. Ventral recumbency abdominal radiograph. Ventral dorsal abdominal radiograph. |
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Many x-ray machines used in veterinary medicine have a 2-part exposure process. The first step involves depressing a button or pushing a pedal half-way to prepare the machine for the exposure and then a second button or fully depressing the pedal to take the exposure. What happens in the x-ray machine when the first step is started? |
The anode rotates and the filament is heated |
The cathode rotates and the anode is charged. The cathode rotates and the filament is cooled. The anode rotates and the filament is heated. The anode rotates and the cathode is charged. The anode rotates and the filament is cooled. |
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Which of the technical errors in radiography will result in increased film density? |
Focal-film distance is too short. |
Temperature during development too low. Focal-film distance is too short. Intensifying screen speed is too slow. kV settings too low. mAs settings too low. |
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Which of the following correctly indicates where electrons are generated in an x-ray machine? |
At the filament of the cathode |
At the target of the cathode At the target of the anode At the filament of the cathode At the filament of the anode |
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For which of the following disorders is an intravenous pyelogram most useful in detecting? |
Ureteral stones |
Bile duct obstruction Urethral stones Gall bladder stones Ureteral stones Lymphangiectasia |
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Which of the following is a legally acceptable method to identify a radiograph in the event that the radiograph needs to be used in court? |
Lead letters with patient information are placed at the corner of the field during the radiograph exposure. |
Lead letters with patient information are placed at the corner of the field during the radiograph exposure. The radiograph itself does not need to be labeled, provided that it is kept in a folder that contains all patient information. An adherent label with patient information is affixed to the film immediately after processing. A permanent marker is used to write patient information on the film after the film is developed. |
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If a region of the film does not come into contact with developer but does run through fixer and the rest of the processing steps, what will this region look like? |
It will be clear |
It will be clear It will be green It will be black It will be purple It will be yellow |
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Choose the answer choice with three methods to INCREASE radiographic density (blackness of film). |
Increase energy of X-rays; increase the number of photons; decrease distance from source to film |
Increase energy of X-rays; increase the number of photons; decrease distance from source to film. Decrease energy of X-rays; increase the number of photons; decrease distance from source to film. Decrease energy of X-rays; increase the number of photons, increase distance from source to film. Increase energy of X-rays; decrease the number of photons; increase distance from source to film. Increase energy of X-rays; increase the number of photons; increase distance from source to film. |
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Which of the following components or settings influence x-ray beam quality? |
kVp and filtration |
mAs and filtration Collimation and filtration kVp and filtration kVp and collimation mAs and collimation kVp and mAs |
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After taking a radiograph exposure of a patient abdomen at a 40 cm focal-film distance with settings of kVp=60, mAs=2, you have to repeat the exposure using a horizontal beam technique at 80 cm focal-film distance. Assuming there is no change in the tissue penetrated and no other differences aside from the distance in radiographic technique or equipment, what settings should you use to obtain the same radiographic density? |
kVp=60, mAs=8 |
kVp=240, mAs=2 kVp=60, mAs=4 kVp=60, mAs=8 kVp=120, mAs=2 |
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Which of the following correctly describes the order and function of fixer and developer solutions during radiograph processing? |
First, developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver and then fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals. |
First, developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver and then fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals. First, fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals and then developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver. First, fixer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver and then developer dissolves unexposed silver crystals. First, developer dissolves unexposed silver crystals and then fixer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver. |
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Which bone is adjacent to the ulna? |
Radius |
Tibia Radius Scapula Femur |
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What are the components of a typical X-ray cassette in order from front (where X-rays enter) to back? |
Cassette front, padding, intensifying screen, film, intensifying screen, padding, cassette back |
Cassette front, padding, intensifying screen, film, intensifying screen, padding, cassette back. Cassette front, intensifying screen, padding, film, padding, intensifying screen, cassette back. Cassette front, padding, film intensifying screen, film, padding, cassette back. Cassette front, padding, intensifying screen, film, padding, cassette back. |
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What tissue is the MOST sensitive to radiation therapy? |
Bone marrow |
Muscles Bone marrow Soft Tissue Cartilage |
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Which of the following is true of tungsten, making it an ideal material for the filament and target of an x-ray machine? |
It has a very high melting point. |
It is a good conductor of heat. It has a low atomic number, making it more efficient at producing x-rays. It has a low number of electrons. It has a very high melting point. |
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In radiation safety, what is the difference between the "rad" and the "rem"? |
Rem applies a quality factor to rad |
Rad is the old unit and rem is the new unit of absorbed dose. Rem applies a quality factor to rad. Rad only applies to the patient, and rem only applies to personnel. Rad applies a quality factor to rem. Rem only applies to the patient, and rad only applies to personnel. Rem is the old unit and rad is the new unit of absorbed dose. |
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You are taking a lateral radiograph of the left stifle of a dog to assess for a suspected cruciate ligament injury. How should the patient and leg be oriented relative to body and film? |
Patient should be in left lateral recumbency with the leg against the cassette. |
Patient should be in dorsal recumbency with the leg to the side of the body against the cassette. Patient should be in ventral recumbency with the leg to the side of the body against the cassette. Patient should be in right lateral recumbency with the leg away from the cassette Patient should be in left lateral recumbency with the leg against the cassette. Patient should be in right lateral recumbency with the leg against the cassette. |
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For taking a diagnostic radiograph, which of the following techniques will reduce the amount of scatter radiation that reaches a film? |
Use of a grid with a Potter-Bucky diaphragm. |
Use of high-speed film. Decreasing exposure time. Use of an intensifying screen, Moving the cassette closer to the surface of the patient. Use of a grid with a Potter-Bucky diaphragm. |
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Which bone articulates with the patella? |
Femur |
Femur Tibia Humerus Fibula |
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When taking a radiograph of an equine limb, you take a radiograph where the portable X-ray unit source is 90 cm away from the cassette. You then move closer so that the X-ray source is now 30 cm away from the cassette. If no changes were made to the settings of the machine, what will the beam intensity be at the second radiograph relative to the first one? |
9 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm. |
9 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm. 1/3 intensity at 30 cm. compared to 90 cm. 6 times greater at 30 cm compared to 90 cm 1/6 intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm. 3 times greater at 30 cm compared to 90 cm. |
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MRI-compatible equipment might be made of which of the following metals? |
Aluminum |
Iron Cobalt Aluminum Nickel |
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Which of the following statements about ultrasound probe transducers is true? |
Higher frequency probes have increased image resolution and decreased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes. |
Higher frequency probes have increased image resolution and decreased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes. Higher frequency probes have decreased image resolution and decreased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes. Higher frequency probes have increased image resolution and increased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes. Higher frequency probes have decreased image resolution and increased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes. |
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You take a series of chest radiographs and notice that all of the films appear darker (more exposed) towards one side of the film. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? |
The X-ray beam is usually more intense on one side of the field. |
The radiograph cassette is not closing fully. The X-ray beam is usually more intense on one side of the field. The processor is running low on developer. The processor is running low on fixative. |
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You are asked to take chest radiographs on a cat that has been hit by a car. You are reviewing the radiographs for technique and see that it appears the cat has intestinal contents in the chest cavity. What is this evidence of? |
Diaphragmatic hernia |
Diaphragmatic hernia Broken ribs Ruptured pericardial sac A rotated stomach |
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An owner brings her 4-year old female Labrador Retriever to your clinic because she believes she might be pregnant. She does not remember when the dog's last heat cycle was. The dog's abdomen appears fairly distended and you take a lateral abdominal radiograph which is shown below. What would be the earliest time you would expect to be able to see fetal skeletons on abdominal radiographs in the dog? |
43 days gestation |
43 days gestation 23 days gestation 33 days gestation 53 days gestation |
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For a veterinary X-ray technician, what is the maximum permissible dose of radiation they can receive in one year? |
50 mSv |
10 rad 100 mrem 5 Gy 1 rem 5 Sv 50 mSv |
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The olecranon is a structure of which bone? |
Ulna |
Fibula Ischium Tibia Ulna Humerus |
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A double-contrast cystogram involves which of the following? |
Soluble positive-contrast media and air injected directly into the bladder. |
Positive-contrast media injected directly into the bladder and air injected intravenously. Air only injected directly into the bladder. Soluble positive-contrast media and air injected directly into the bladder. Positive-contrast media injected intravenously that will be excreted via the kidneys into the bladder and air injected directly into the bladder. Soluble positive-contrast media only injected directly into the bladder. |
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An arthrogram involves contrast administration into what region? |
Joint |
Bladder Joint Epidural space Subarachnoid space Esophagus Subdural space |
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Which of the following is the most common factor that prevents a diagnostic radiograph in a horse? |
Motion |
Low line voltage Motion Bandages Oversedation |
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Which of these animals does not have a gall bladder? |
Horse |
Cat Cow Bird Rabbit Horse |
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Which of the following is true regarding the properties of x-rays compared to visible light? |
X-rays have higher frequency and shorter wavelength. |
X-rays have higher frequency and higher wavelength. X-rays and visible light have the same wavelength. X-rays have higher frequency and shorter wavelength. X-rays have shorter frequency and shorter wavelength. |
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Which of the following bones is not considered a part of the axial skeleton? |
Femur |
Vertebra Femur Skull Rib |
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In order to prevent distortion on a dental radiograph when parallel technique cannot be used (impossible to position the film parallel to the long axis of the tooth), which of the following will prevent image distortion (elongation or foreshortening)? |
Bisecting angle technique |
Vertical technique Horizontal technique Perpendicular technique Bisecting angle technique Volume averaging technique |
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Linear artifacts on a film are usually due to which of the following? |
Grid |
Processing machine Cassette Film Collimator Intensifying screen Grid |
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Which bone is between the scapula and radius? |
Humerus |
Ulna Humerus Central tarsal bone Tibia |
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A cystogram is a radiographic study performed to identify the position, shape, and lesions involving what structure? |
Urinary bladder |
Kidney Urinary bladder Liver Skin and subcutis Esophagus |
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Which of following typically appear hyperechoic (bright white) on ultrasound imaging? |
Bone and gas |
Spleen and lung Bone and gas Bone and fluid Renal medulla and gas Liver and spleen Colon and liver |
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Which of the following statements is true regarding radiography of the vertebrae? |
Intervertebral disc spaces appear wider toward the center of the film and narrower towards the end of the film. |
Normally, the intervertebral discs are more radiodense that the vertebral bones. Intervertebral disc spaces appear narrower toward the center of the film and wider towards the end of the film. Intervertebral disc spaces appear wider toward the center of the film and narrower towards the end of the film. It is not possible to evaluate intervertebral disc spaces without myelography. |
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What are the "Joints" in the skull are referred to as? |
Sutures |
Planes Ball and socket Hinge Sutures |
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Which of the following errors in taking and processing a radiograph would result in a completely clear film? |
The exposed film was put in fixer before developer. |
The cassette was not closed completely and the film was exposed to light prior to x-ray exposure. The collimator was left all the way open. The film was exposed to light after x-ray exposure due to a leak in the darkroom. The exposed film was put in fixer before developer |
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The radiograph cassette is usually placed on the tabletop to radiograph which of the following areas in a medium-sized dog? |
Elbow |
Abdomen Thorax Spine Elbow Pelvis |
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A thoracic radiograph should be taken at which time? |
Full inspiration |
Diastole Full inspiration Systole Full exhalation |
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Which of the choices below is in the correct order from least-to-most radiodense (darkest-to-whitest on the film)? |
Gas, fat, soft tissue and fluid, bone, metal. |
Gas, soft tissue and fluid, fat, metal, bone. Gas, fat, soft tissue and fluid, bone, metal. Bone, metal, fat, soft tissue and fluid, gas. Metal, bone, fat, soft tissue and fluid, gas. Gas, fat, soft tissue and fluid, metal, bone. Gas, soft tissue and fluid, fat, bone, metal. |
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During ultrasound of the bladder, a hyperechoic (white) linear structure is seen against the bladder wall that creates a black shadow obscuring all structures deep to it. What is this structure most likely? |
Urolith |
Urolith Bladder wall tumor Free fluid Round ligament of the bladder |
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Abdominal radiographs should be taken at which of the following times? |
Full expiration |
Systole Diastole Full expiration Full inspiration |
