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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main product of the reaction caused by the electron cloud hitting the target? A. heat B. x-rays C. electrons D. tungston E. radiation |
A. heat
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When you increase the SID you _________________________ the intensity of the x-ray beam.
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decrease
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Bone is ____________ dense than muscle
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more
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Choose a typical SID used in veterinary radiology. A. 40 in B. 40 cm C. 30 cm |
A. 40 in
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A higher Kv setting allows for a ____mAs and a ______ exposure time
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lower; lower
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What action should be taken if it is difficult to see anatomic silhouettes on an abdominal film and the film is too light? A. increase kVp by 10% to 15% B. increase mAs by 10% to 15% C. increase mAs by 30% to 50% D. decrease mAs by 30-50% |
A. increase kVp by 10% to 15%
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Unlike an unfocused grid, focused and pseudofocused grid provide this advantage A. reduces grid cut off B. reduces scatter radiation C. increases x-ray penetration D. decreases the need for high kVp settings E. increases the quantity of the x-ray beam |
A. reduces grid cut off
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X-ray film recycling and special units attached to fixer tanks allow the recovery of ___________, a valuable and reusable substance. A. halide B. calcium tungstate C. silver D. mercury |
C. silver
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What is necessary to prevent "fogging," or partial exposure, of x-ray film in the darkroom? A. Absolutely no light leakage into the room B. A lock on the door to prevent entrance during film processing C.A safelight of correct wattage and filter type for the film used D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Which route do the electrons travel?
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cathode to anode
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If kVp is too low for an abdominal radiograph, which of the following will be evident on a radiograph? A. no distinct difference exist among anatomic organs B. the penetrating power is weak and x-rays cannot penetrate the patient C. the radiograph will have a soot and white washed appearance D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Care of image-intensifying screens involves: A. cleaning them with a special solution or 70% isopropyl alcohol at least once monthly or whenever screen artifacts are seen on a radiograph. B. washing once monthly with a mild detergent and rinsing well with distilled water. C. removing them from the cassette every six months for cleaning by the manufacturer. D. a. and c. |
A. cleaning them with a special solution or 70% isopropyl alcohol at least once monthly or whenever screen artifacts are seen on a radiograph.
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Which is a characteristic of x-rays? A. Their total number produced is determined by kVp B. longer wavelengths have more penetrating power C. their intensity increases as SID decreases D. diverge from a light source |
C. their intensity increases as SID decreases
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One percent of the energy produced at the anode is in the form of:
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x-rays
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The advantage of digital radiograph is: A. parameters of brightness and contrast can be adjusted after the image is obtained so that exposure techniques do not have to be as precise.B. parts of an image can be magnified to enhance the interpretation of exotic imaging. C. films, screens, and processing are not required. D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Concerning the use of film holders (cassettes) in veterinary radiography, which statement is most accurate? A. A 'nonscreen' cassette is made of nonrigid cardboard or plastic. B. The most commonly used cassettes in companion-animal practice are rigid and contain an image-intensifying screen. C. Screened cassettes are relatively inexpensive and are generally used three to five times, then discarded. D. a. and b. |
D. a. and b.
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T/F--X-ray electromagnetic radiation travels in a straight line, the direction of which can be altered.
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true
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T/F--X-ray film should be handled carefully and held only by the corners both when loading cassettes and after exposure during processing.
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true
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Survey films are: A. radiographs taken when contrast media is used. B. printed ultrasound images. C. radiographs taken without the use of contrast media. D. fluoroscopic images. |
C. radiographs taken without the use of contrast media.
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The ultrasound transducer that would be most appropriate to image an equine abdomen is a: A. A-mode B. M-Mode C. Low frequency D. High frequency |
C. Low frequency
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High subject contrast __________________ radiographic contrast.
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increases
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What is the purpose of the x-ray tube having a vacuum? A. no obstacles for the electrons while traveling to the target B. accelerates the electrons towards the target C. increases oxidation allowing electrons to travel faster D. the source of the electrons E. helps to absorb and dissipate heat |
A. no obstacles for the electrons while traveling to the target
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Choose the best response. How does radiographic density affect radiographic quality? A. allows a range of blackness related to the rate at which x-rays are absorbed B. influences the beam angle in relation to the subject matter C. causes high contrast between tissue types D. reduces flim fog |
A. allows a range of blackness related to the rate at which x-rays are absorbed
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By what factor is the quality of the x-ray beam is determined?
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kVp
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To prevent magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed, the patient must: A. be as parallel to the film as possible B. be as close to the film as possible C. be as close to the x-ray tube as possible D. both a and b are correct |
D. both a and b are correct
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Density is determined primarily by:
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mAs
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For how long are veterinary hospitals are required to keep radiographs on file?
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7 years
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X-rays cannot penetrate: A. bone. B. the interior walls of most animal hospitals. C. lead. |
C. lead
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What do grids contain that controls scatter radiation?
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lead
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T/F--Ultrasound produces a more detailed image of bone than radiography.
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false
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In x-ray tubes, the majority of energy produced by the movement of electrons is in the form of: A. light B. heat C. sound D. x-ray energy |
B. heat
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Which contrast agent should never be injected into the urinary bladder? A. Barium sulfate B. Diatrizoate C. Iohexol D. Iothalamate |
A. Barium sulfate
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How does backscatter differ from scatter? A. Backscatter occurs after radiation has passed through the image receptor while scatter occurs above the table. B. Scatter occurs above and below the table while backscatter occurs after radiation has passed through any body in the radiology suite (animal and people) and bounces back through them again. C. They are different words for the same phenomena. D. Backscatter is less of a problem than scatter as it only fogs the film. |
A. Backscatter occurs after radiation has passed through the image receptor while scatter occurs above the table.
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Electrons travel: A. toward the cathode in an x-ray tube B. away from the anode in an x-ray tube C. toward the anode in an x-ray tube D. within the nucleus of an atom |
C. toward the anode in an x-ray tube
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Filaments located in the x-ray tube: A. are made of molybdenum B. must have low melting points and low atomic number C. are found in the anode D. emit electrons when heated |
D. emit electrons when heated
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You have radiographed a fractured femur in a large dog. The resulting image is too gray; that is, you can see many shades of gray and a lot of detail in the muscle layers, but the bone is also too gray, and bony fragments are difficult to see. How can you best correct your settings to create a clearer image of the fractured bone?
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decrease the kVp
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Teleradiology has enhanced the field of veterinary imaging by A. reducing the exposure of personnel to harmful radiation. B. allowing imaging data to be stored permanently. C. allowing the practitioner to send digital and analog data to veterinary specialists across phone and cable lines for a faster delivery. D. reducing the strength of the magnetic field required to produce high quality MRI images. |
C. allowing the practitioner to send digital and analog data to veterinary specialists across phone and cable lines for a faster delivery.
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An overexposed film appears __________; to correct this _________. A. too dark; increase mAs or kVp B. too light; increase mAs or kVp C. too light; decrease mAs or kVp D. too dark; decrease mAs or kVp |
D. too dark; decrease mAs or kVp
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How can kVp and mAs effects on the density of a radiograph be differentiated? A. the mAs setting also has a large effect on contrast. B. The kVp setting also has a large effect on contrast. C. Only kVp has an effect on density. D. Only mAs has an effect on density. D. The difference cannot be assessed visually. |
B. The kVp setting also has a large effect on contrast.
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How does kVp affect scatter radiation?
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as kVp increases, scatter radiation can increase
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T/F---Density is defined as the difference between 2 adjacent areas on a radiograph.
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false
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Ways to increase penetrating power of the x-rays include A. increasing kVp B. increasing the time setting C. increasing thermionic emission D. increasing mAs |
A. increasing kVp
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Choose the percentage of x-rays used to expose radiology film. A. 5% B. 10% C. 95% D. 100% E. 1% |
A. 5%
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The milliamperage-seconds (mAs) for 1000 mA and 1/10 sec is: A. 10 mAs B. 10,000 mAs C. 100 mAs D. 1mAs |
C. 100 mAs
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As x rays pass through materials, they have the ability to: A. cause some substances to fluoresce B. completely remove an electron from an atom, leaving the atom positively charged C. cause chemical changes that can kill cells D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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kVp mainly controls the radiograph's ______________________
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contrast and density
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What does the time switch (in seconds) control? A. The amount of time the x-ray beam is allowed to exit the x-ray tube. B. The amount of time the filament is allowed to heat up creating electrons. C. The time it takes for the x-rays to pass from the x-ray tube window to the image receptor. D. The time it takes for x-rays to penetrate the subject of radiology study. E. The time it takes for the electron cloud to pass from the filament to the target. |
A. The amount of time the x-ray beam is allowed to exit the x-ray tube.
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The main purpose of intensifying screens in an x-ray cassette is to A. reduce scatter radiation. B. reduce the radiation exposure needs of the film. C. increase film detail. D. increase film density. E. increase film contrast. |
B. reduce the radiation exposure needs of the film.
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Choose the best definition for radiographic density. A. The degree of blackness on a radiograph. B. The degree of detail on a radiograph. C. The visual differences between adjacent tissue types. D. The thickness of body parts measured in cm. |
A. The degree of blackness on a radiograph.
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Which of the following is not required on the label ID of a radiograph: A. Initials of radiographer B. date taken C. patient name and owner name D. name and address of hospital of veterinarian |
A. Initials of radiographer
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X-Rays have a ______________ wavelength than visible light.
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shorter
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In what way are the anodes different in table-based (stationary) and portable x-ray machines?
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Portable machines have stationary anodes where as table-based machines have rotating anodes.
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T/F--Density of a film decreases with increased tissue thickness or increased bone density
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true
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Using the equation to determine mAs from mA and time (in seconds), what is the mAs with these values? mA = 300; time = 1/30
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10
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Which of the following should have the shortest scale of contrast? A. abdomen B. thorax C femur D. all are equal |
C femur
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On the electromagnetic spectrum, in relation to visible light, x-rays: A. have a longer wavelength B. have a lower frequency C. have a shorter wavelength D. are closer in wavelength to infrared rays than light waves |
C. have a shorter wavelength
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Which grid ratio can absorb more scatter radiation? A. 6:1 B. 8:1 C. 1:6 D. 2:1 |
B. 8:1
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Radiographic contrast is determined primarily by: A. exposure time B. film speed C. kVp D. mAs |
C. kVp
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The temperature of the tungsten filament in the cathode is controlled by A. milliamperage B. kilovoltage C. atomic number D. negative charge |
A. milliamperage
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Where is the grid located?
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between the patient and the cassette
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The potential difference between the anode and cathode is measured in: A. kilovolts B. calipers C. miliamperes D. centimeters |
A. kilovolts
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When you decrease SID you _____________________ image sharpness.
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decrease
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A smaller focal spot on the target creates A. a sharper image on the image receptor. B. a penumbra effect on the image receptor. C. more electrons and a stronger x-ray beam. D. less electrons and a weaker x-ray beam. E. a stronger heel effect of the x-ray beam |
A. a sharper image on the image receptor.
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How can the technician help to prolong the life of the filament in the x-ray tube? A. enter the proper exposure settings in the control panel before final positioning of the animal B. leave the x-ray unit on at all times to ensure that the filament is heated when the radiograph is requested C. always leave the x-ray unit in the standby mode |
A. enter the proper exposure settings in the control panel before final positioning of the animal
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What setting on the x-ray machine controls the number of electrons produced in the electron cloud? A. mA B. mAs C. kV D. kVp E. time (s) |
A. mA
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Bone is ____________ dense than muscle.
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more
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What is the function of oil surrounding the glass envelope in the x-ray tube? A. to keep the electrons and x-ray beam contained B. to aid in dissipating heat created by electrons hitting the target C. to maintain the x-ray tube's vacuum |
B. to aid in dissipating heat created by electrons hitting the target
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All of the following are legally valid methods of labeling a radiograph except: A. lead impregnated tape B. lead marker C. permanent marker after development D. photoimprinting label system |
C. permanent marker after development
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Density is determined primarily by: A. mAs B. kVp C. exposure time D. screen speed |
A. mAs
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Which of the following are limitations of the stationary anode? A. The target is made of tungsten B. it is unable to withstand large amounts of heat C. if the target becomes pitted, radiographs appear darker D. it is limited to a larger focal spit to accommodate higher temperatures |
B. it is unable to withstand large amounts of heat
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Which of the following increases radiographic density? A. thicker body parts B. increased mAs C. increased density of the body part being radiographed D. decreased kVp |
B. increased mAs
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What percentage of the energy emanating from the collision of the electron cloud with the tungsten target are x-rays
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1%
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High subject contrast __________________ radiographic contrast.
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increases
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