Definitions O, P, Q

Front 1

Oculovestibular response

Back 1

Automatic eye movements by injecting ice water into the ear of a comatose patient, also called "caloric testing" no response predicts poor outcome

Front 2

Oklahoma Premorbid intelligence estimate (OPIE)

Back 2

Estimates premorbid IQ developed on WAIS-R standardization sample combining demographic info with performance on Vocab and Picture Completion subtests

Front 3

Olfactory groove meningioma

Back 3

Originates in arachnoidal cells along cribiform plate and may involve ipsilateral or bilateral anosmia and mental changes including abulia, confusion, forgetfulness, and inappropriate jocularity

Front 4

Olivopontocerebellar degeneration

Back 4

A parkinson plus syndrome characterized by cerebellar ataxia, postural instability, tremor, and dysarthria inherited and sporadic forms have been reported there is a loss of neurons in the pons and cerebellum

Front 5

On-off phenomenon

Back 5

The tendency for anti-parkinsonian drug effects to suddenly wear off leaving the pt with decreased mobility timing can be highly unpredictable in some parkinsonian pts it is called wearing-off phenomenon when the transition less severe

Front 6

Opponent process theory of color vision

Back 6

3 pairs of color antagonists red-green blue-yellow black-white excitation of one of the pair inhibits the other

Front 7

Optic agraphia

Back 7

The inability to copy written or printed words while being capable of writing from dictation associated lesions are in the posterior language dominant hemisphere

Front 8

Optokinetic nystagmus

Back 8

A normal involuntary rhythmic eye movement induced by looking at moving visual stimuli eyes follow stimulus until no longer comfortable then move quickly in opposite direction and fixate on different object Abolished with parietal lobe lesions but used to infer psychogenic blindness in patients who claim they are unable to see

Front 9

Organophosphate compounds

Back 9

Irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase found in phosphoric acid insecticides and chemical warfare gases widespread toxic effects CNS and PNS including delayed neurologic effects including weakness and ataxia several weeks after exposure Wallerian Degeneration occurs in medulla spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Front 10

Orthography

Back 10

The written form of language

Front 11

Orthostatic hypertension

Back 11

A sudden decline in blood pressure that occurs after a rapid change in position

Front 12

O-sign

Back 12

Continuous open mouth (colloquial) seen in dementia and severe TBI

Front 13

Paeleostriatum

Back 13

Another term for Globus pallidus involved in the regulation of voluntary movement receives input from the called the striatum, the caudate nucleus and the putamen. This data is routed to the thalamus, either directly or indirectly.

Front 14

Palatal lift

Back 14

A fitted device worn against the palate to improve speech in severely dysarthric pts

Front 15

Palilalia

Back 15

Repetition of syllables words or phrases occurring at the end of an utterance characterlistically increase in speed but decrease in volume often present in Parkinsonism and attributed to basal ganglia disease

Front 16

Palinopsia

Back 16

Visual perseveration characterized by the continuance of a visual sensation after the stimulus no longer present seen in depressed visual fields, but does not occur in visual fields that are completely blind associated with both occipital and parietal lobe lesions

Front 17

Pallidum

Back 17

Another term for globus pallidus the inner and lighter gray portion of the lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus) within the basal ganglia it is large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule

Front 18

Palmomental reflex

Back 18

Also called a frontal lobe release sign (primitive reflexes traditionally held to be a sign of disorders that affect the frontal lobes) elicited by scraping the palm with sharp object that produces an ipsilateral mental muscle chin

Front 19

Frontal lobe release signs (6) and their role in infancy

Back 19

1 Palmar grasp Baby naturally grabs objects
2 Palmomental reflex unknown
3 Rooting reflex Baby finds breast to suckle.
4 Sucking reflex Baby sucks breast / bottle to get milk
5 Snout reflex Involved in suckling
6 Glabellar reflex May protect eyes in some situations

Front 20

Palsy

Back 20

Partial paralysis or paresis

Front 21

Panecephalitis

Back 21

Inflammation of the entire brain resulting in both white and gray lesions typically viral in origin

Front 22

Pantomime recognition test

Back 22

Ability to understand meaningful nonlingual pantomimed actions presented on videotape and pt points to correct object used normally with aphasics

Front 23

Papez circuit

Back 23

Limbic relationships proposed 1937 as the substrate for controlling emtions and emotional expression according to him hippcampo-mamillo-thalamo-cingulate-hippocampal circuit

Front 24

Papilla, optic

Back 24

Point of entry of the optic nerve into the eye

Front 25

Papilledema

Back 25

Blurring of the margins of the optic disc that results from increased intracranial pressure transmitted to the disk through the optic nerve

Front 26

Papillitis

Back 26

Inflammation of the optic nerve where it enters the eye typically caused by excerbation of multiple sclerosis

Front 27

Paragrammatism

Back 27

Inaccurate selection of function words the convey grammatical information, of grammatical forms, and of word order. Paragrammatism may be evident in spoken or written language

Front 28

Paragraphia

Back 28

Written spelling errors or written word substitutions that result from altered language function

Front 29

Paralexia

Back 29

A reading error consisting of a sound or word substitution during the act of reading miscomprehension or paraphasic oral reading semantic paralexia=reading error of semantically related word eg gun pistol visual paralexi= misreading word substituted shares many letters eg wife life

Front 30

Parallel distributed processing PDP

Back 30

model neural processing incorporates both parallel and serial processing functions with each processing unit functioning locally and in parallel with other units. Info assumed to be distributed throughout the brain with memory and knowledge dependent on the pattern of unit connectivity

Front 31

Parallel tests

Back 31

Another name for alternate tests that are constructed to be similar in content high in reliability and equivalent also named alternate forms

Front 32

Paralysis agitans

Back 32

Latin term used by James parkinson to describe the shaking palsy = parkinsons disease

Front 33

Paramnesia

Back 33

False memory

Front 34

Paraneoplastic syndromes

Back 34

Remote disorders associated with carcinoma that do not result from tumor effects often involving the nervous system and precede the diagnosis of cancer. Most common is limbic encephalitis where the primary tumor is typically lung cancer

Front 35

Paraphasia

Back 35

Incorrect word selection (semantic or verbal)