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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Five Steps in software system lifecycle |
Analysis, design, implementation, testing, maintenance |
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A single memory location storing one value |
Variable |
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"in scope" through the entire program. Can be read and changed anywhere |
Global variable |
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Only in scope through part of the program, a specific function or sub routine |
Local variable |
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Whole number can be assigned to a variable |
Integer |
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Real Data, not whole numbers. Can be assigned to a variable |
Float or double |
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Data type that can be only true or false. If then else, and, not, or, else |
Boolean |
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Homogeneous array |
Abstract data structure, all data must be the same type. i.e. int, char, real. May have rows & columns. char Letters (4)(5) is 4 rows 5 columns |
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Heterogeneous array |
Abstract data structure with different data types. Object() Params; Params (0) = ProductName Params (1) = Price |
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Abstract data structure in straight line with Head at the beginning and Tail at the end |
Sequential |
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A list receives new entries at tail. FIFO |
Queue |
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List data structure receives data at the head/top and removes from the head LIFO |
Stack |
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Abstract data structure top node is root. No more than two children per node |
Binary tree |
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One dimension, homogeneous array data location |
X is first entry address. To find other array data element add number minus one to x. x +(5-1) int Weight (15) would create array named Weight with 15 elements. |
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Rich text format is most useful because... |
Easily transfer between applications |
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Best image file type for internet |
GIF or PNG |
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The most appropriate way to use a library of program code is to access the... |
Methods or functions by way of the interface. |
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Multi-byte data representation is stored in memory with it's most significant byte in the lowest memory address. |
Big endian |
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Which development model is appropriate when requirements are well understood and the risk of failure is minimal. |
Waterfall |
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Used by programming languages to intercept events that disrupt normal flow of program execution. |
Exception handling |
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Most efficient for manipulating a list of integers, predefined size |
An array |
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Binary heap data structure is best represented using a ... |
Binary tree |
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Average case performance of a quick sort |
O(n log2 n) |
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URL |
Uniform Resource Locator |
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A URL contains the ... |
Protocol, host name, file name |
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If execution speed and direct communication with devices is essential to success, which programming language should be used? |
C because it is small and efficient |
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Logical operators pseudocode |
And, or, not |
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Boolean values |
True, false |
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Pre increment |
++i |
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Post increment |
i++ |
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Software design strategy, three common approaches |
Top down, bottom up, object oriented |
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Top down software design is also known as... |
Stepwise Refinement |
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Which software design approach starts with what is needed and breaks it into smaller tasks? |
Top Down |
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What software design approach merges smaller, predefined tasks? |
Bottom up |
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Which software system design approach uses interacting objects which combine critical data and processes into bundles? |
Object Oriented |
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What are the three core tenants of object oriented design? |
Abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism |
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Which software development model is a sequential design used in manufacturing with predetermined specifications? |
Waterfall |
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Which software development model is a circular process using incremental design, implementation, and testing? |
Incremental |
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This software development model is risk driven? |
Spiral |
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This software development model uses incremental steps with short term gosls followed by testing and evaluate in a circular process? |
Agile |
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The definition of a group of code... |
Class |
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The actual code in OOP |
Object |
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How an Object is defined, constructed, put together |
Inheritance |
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"Is a" refers to... |
Inheritance |
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"Has a" refers to ... |
Composition |
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Over loading method, over riding method, multiple object reference method |
Polymorphism |
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Programming language easy for computer to understand |
Low level |
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Language easy for humans but must be translated for computer |
High level |
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Language written in binary, easiest for computer |
Machine code |
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One step up from binary but this language must be translated for computer |
Assembly language |
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Fortran, Cobol, Basic, Pascal, C++, Java are what level languages? |
High level |
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Translating a language line by line ... |
Interpret |
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Translating a language all at once is ... |
Compile |
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Cobol, C, and Fortran are which language paradigm? |
Procedural |
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Lisp, Haskell, and scheme are which language paradigm? |
Functional |
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C++, Java, and Python are which language paradigm? |
Object Oriented |
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First significant high level language develop in 50s |
FORmula TRANslation |
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Develop in late 50s for business |
COmmon Business Oriented Language |
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Family of general purpose high level language designed for ease of use |
Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code |
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Language designed in late 60s to teach good programming techniques |
Pascal |
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Language from late 70s introduce Object Oriented program |
C and C++ |
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Language from 90s not composed into machine language but byte code |
Java |
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Used to assign values to variables |
= or <-- |
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Used to check for equality between two expressions |
== |
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Used to check for inequality between two expressions |
!= Or <> |
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Two types of errors during compile process... |
Lexical and Syntax |
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Error in programming, misspelled words, capitalize error, or reserved word. |
Lexical error |
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An error associated with punctuation, indents, or braces/() |
Syntax error |
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Two types of errors during program execution... |
Runtime and Logic |
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An error that occurs during the execution of a program such as missing files or faulty input |
Run-time errors |
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An error that causes the program to run incorrectly but does not prevent it from running |
Logic error |
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What is a common debugging tool? |
IDE integrated development environment |
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What is this operator % |
Modulus. Means find the remainder |
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AND operator |
&& |
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OR operator |
|| |
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XOR operator |
^ only true when operands are opposite. True ^False is true |
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Is assigned the value operator |
<- |
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A module that performs a task, like outputting the contents of a data structure or sorting an array |
Procedure |
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A method or procedure that performs a calculation and returns a value |
Function |
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A process in Java that is either a procedure (void) that performs an action or function (return) that returns a calculated value |
Method |
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Static list of names |
Contiguous list |
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Dynamic list using pointers to separate linked locations. |
Linked list |
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Binary tree search pattern |
Left child then right child. Then children of left (left to right) then children of right |
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Type of sort used nested loop to find best place in array for an unsorted item |
Insertion sort. O(N) to O(N^2) Moves lowest value to far left as it goes |
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Makes a copy of data in parameters foes not change original value. |
Pass by Value |
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Gives procedure access to change parameters. |
Pass by reference |
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A switch case statement will print all unless each condition is separated by what statement? |
Break; |
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A method that acts like a function |
Return method |
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A method that acts like a procedure |
Void method |
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A pretest loop that checks a Boolean before taking action |
While loop |
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Post test loop where action precedes the Boolean check |
Do While loop |
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If, else is a... |
Recursion |
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Divide and conquer process |
Binary search analysis O(logN) |
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Sorting routine uses nested loop to move lowest value to left starting with position zero |
Selection sort (king, queen, jack) O(N^2) |
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Simple sorting algorithm loops through values swapping if in wrong order |
Bubble sort O(N) to O(N^2) |
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Recursive algorithm splits list in half until each half is empty or one item then brings back together. |
Merge sort. O(N log N) |
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Partition exchange sort (pivot point) efficient algorithm serves as systematic mthod for placing array elements in order. |
Quick sort Of(N log N) or O(N^2) |
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Unique identifier assigned to a device on a network. |
MAC address |
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Connects LANs to create a WAN |
Router |
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Connects nodes in a LAN(server, computer, printer..) |
Switch |
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Creates a LAN but uses more bandwidth than a switch. |
Hub |
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Web page protocol |
HTTP hyper text transfer protocol |
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Email protocol |
SMTP |
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Protocol for storing email |
POP post office protocol |
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Protocol for uploading and download files |
FTP file transfer protocol |
