Cph Unit 3

Front 1

According to the World Health Organization, ______' is a whole-of-society approach to health and well-being centered on the needs and preferences of individuals, families and communities. It addresses the broader determinants of health and focuses on the comprehensive and interrelated aspects of physical, mental and social health and wellbeing.

Back 1

primary health care

Front 2

It is important because:

Back 2

1. Primary health care is well positioned to respond to rapid economic, technological, and demographic changes, all of which impact health and well-being. 2. Highly effective and efficient way to address the main causes and risks of poor health and well- being today, as well as handling the emerging challenges that threaten health and well-being tomorrow 3. Stronger primary health care is essential to achieving the health- related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and universal health coverage.

Front 3

All for Health towards Health for All

The Duterte Health Agenda “_______”

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Lahat para sa Kalusugan tungo sa Kalusugan para sa Lahat

Front 4

 Filipinos able to access services with least financial, cultural and geographical barriers- Preference for the underserved  Filipinos able to demand quality and compassionate services at par with global clinical and non-clinical standards  Filipinos able to continuously get the most health from resources allocated (cost-effective)  Filipinos able to make informed choices with respect to their health and participate in holding the government accountable to the people

Back 4

Values

Front 5

 – Filipinos protected from health-related impoverishment  – Filipinos attain best possible health outcomes with less disparity  – Filipinos feel respected and valued in all of their interaction with the health system

Back 5

(Vision)

Financial Protection

Better Health Status

Responsiveness

Front 6

Triple Burden of Disease a. SERVICES THAT ADDRESS THE TRIPLE BURDEN OF DISEASE

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 Communicable

 Non-communicable, including malnutrition  Diseases of rapid urbanization and industrialization (e.g. Injuries, mental health (including suicide prevention) and alcohol/drug use)

Front 7

 Promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, palliative – (specialize medical care for people living with serious illness and it focus on providing relief from symptoms and stress of the illness) Health care services must be comprehensive.  Emphasis on role of health promotion (one of the target of the primary health care)and primary care (annual health check)

Back 7

SERVICES THAT CORRESPOND TO THE FULL SPECTRUM OF CARE FOR ALL LIFE STAGES (minimal exclusions)

Front 8

 Trigger behavioural shift towards healthy lifestyle/habits  Adopt and scale-up community- based interventions (link to community organization because our goal is to produce a self- reliant community.)  Create strategic partnerships to promote healthy homes, workplaces, schools and transport

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INTERVENTIONS THAT MODIFY BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND MOBILIZE COMMUNITIES

Front 9

A strategy that engages both the health workers and the people themselves as partners, and a strategy that is affordable to the government yet still effective and acceptable to the communities. A strategy that ensures access to health care regardless of economic class.

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Primary Health Care

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– Held on September 6-12, 1978 – Health leaders around 200 countries attended the International Conference for Primary Health Care at Alma Ata USSR or in Russia

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Declaracion Alma Ata 1978

Front 11

1. Reflects and evolves from the economic conditions, socio-cultural and political characteristics of the country, and its communities, and is based on the application of the relevant results of social, biomedical and health services research and public health expenditures 2. Address the main health problems in the community, providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services accordingly (PHC is actually a strategy that applies community-based interventions.) 3. Includes at least – education about prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them; promotion of food supply and proper nutrition; an adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation; maternal and child health care, including family planning; immunization against major infectious diseases; prevention and control of locally endemic diseases; appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries; and provision of essential drugs. – (discusses the essential services of the PHC) 4. Involves in addition to the health sector, all related sectors and aspects of national and community development in particular, agriculture, animal husbandry, food industry, education housing, public works, communication and other sectors; and demands the coordinated efforts of all those sectors – (PHC multisectoral field) 5. Requires and promotes maximum community and individual self- reliance and participation in the planning, organization, operation and control of primary health care, making fullest use of local, national and other available resources; and to this end develops through appropriate education the ability of communities to participate 6. Should be sustained by integrated, functional and mutually supportive referral system leading to the progressive improvement of comprehensive health care for all, and giving priority to those in need 7. Relies at the local and referral levels of health workers, including physicians, nurses, midwives, auxiliaries and community workers as applicable, as well as traditional practitioners as needed; who are suitably trained, socially and technically, to work as a health team and to respond to the expressed health needs of the community. – (shows who are the medical workers involve in PHC)

Back 11

Section VII (Primary Health Care)

Front 12

“Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals & families in the community through their full participation & at a cost that community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance & self-determination”

Back 12

The WHO defines PHC

Front 13

The 30th World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA 3043, which decided that the main social target of the government & WHO should be the attainment of a level of health that would lead people to a socially & economically productive life by year 2000.  “Health for all by year 2000”

Back 13

May 1977

Front 14

First International Conference in PHC was held at Alma Ata, USSR (Russia) on PHC

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September 6-12, 1978

Front 15

Is the key to attain the “Health for All” goal

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PHC

Front 16

TRUE OR FALSE

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, Health Leaders from around 200 countries attended the international conference for PHC, initiated by WHO in the United Nations Children’s Fund

Back 16

True

Front 17

(PHCadopted in the Philippines. PHC in the Philippines made the country the first to embark on meeting the challenge of PHC)  Legal Basis of PHC in the Philippines  Issued by Pres. F. Marcos, which mandated the Ministry of Health to adopt PHC

Back 17

October 19, 1979: LOI 949

Front 18

Launching of PHC by Sec. Azurin in the Philippines.

Back 18

September 11, 1981

Front 19

“Health in the hands of the people by year 2020”

Back 19

1990

Front 20

Installed PHC as a course strategy in program thrusts of the government at national and local community leaders to enable their people in active participation for better health and self-reliance

Back 20

AO No. 11 of 1993:

Front 21

 Health is a basic fundamental right. (Right of all people to health services they need it, when and where they need it without suffering financial burden)  There exists global burden of health inequalities among populations.  Economic and social development is of basic importance for the full attainment of health for all.  Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people. (Discusses the government responsibilities for Public Health extend beyond voluntary activities and services to include additional authority such as quarantine, mandatory immunization laws and regulatory authorities. Also, the government has the following responsibilities: * Ensures an adequate local public health infrastructure *They promote health communities and healthy behaviours *Prevents the spread of communicable diseases *Protect against environmental health hazards *Preparing for and responding to emergencies and assuring health services

Back 21

The Alma Ata Conference on PHC made the following declarations:

Front 22

Why adapt PHC?

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 Magnitude of health problems  Inadequate and unequal distribution of health resources  Increasing cost of medical care

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4 Pillars or Cornerstone

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1. Active community participation

2. Intra & inter-sectoral linkages

3. Use of appropriate technology

4. Support mechanism made available

Front 24

Health is achieve through self- reliance and self-determination and that individuals, families and communities are not considered a recipients of care but active participants in achieving their health goals)

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Active community participation

Front 25

Refers to communication, cooperation and collaboration within the health sector, among the members of the health team and health agencies

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Intra-sectoral

Front 26

Encompass the communication, cooperation and collaboration between health sectors and other sectors of the society, like education, public works, agriculture and local government officials.

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Inter-sectoral

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Technology that is suitable for the community that will use it

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Use of appropriate technology

Front 28

(Resources for essential health services come from 3 major entities) 1. People 2. Government 3. Private sector

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Support mechanism made available

Front 29

ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES OF PHC – the Alma Ata write 8, with the acronym ELEMENTS

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Education for Health Locally Endemic Disease Control Expanded Program on Immunization Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Envt’l Sanitation and Promotion of Safe Water Supply Nutrition and Promotion of Adequate Food Supply Treatment of CD and Common Illness Supply of Essential Drugs

Front 30

Who are the PHC workers? In general, the PHC team may consist of:

Back 30

 Physician  Nurses  Midwives  Nurse auxiliaries  Locally trained community health workers  Traditional birth attendants and healers

Front 31

Three Levels of PHC Workers

 First contacts of the community and initial links of health care  Provide simple curative and preventive health care measures and in promoting healthy environment  Trained community health workers, volunteers or traditional birth attendants or healers

Back 31

1. Village or Grassroot Health Workers

Front 32

 Represent the first source of professional health care  Provide support to the front- line health workers in terms of supervision, training, supplies, and services  General Medical practitioners, PH nurses

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2. Intermediate Level Health Workers

Front 33

 Provide back up health services for cases that require hospitalization or diagnostic facilities not available in the health center  Physicians with specialty, nurses, dentist, pharmacists, other health professionals who are working in primary hospitals (They establish close contact with intermediate level health workers or village health workers to promote care from hospital to community and more)

Back 33

3. First Line Hospital Personnel

Front 34

 The “first” level of contact between the individual and the health system  Serves as the foundation of health care  RHUs, their sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units, puericulture centers (devoted to promoting hygienic or health for infants ad children), TB clinics and hospitals  Provide basic curative and preventive health care measures; first aid

Back 34

Primary Level

Front 35

 The 1st referral level  Consists of a smaller, non- departmentalized hospitals including emergency and regional hospitals  Services are offered to patients with symptomatic stage of disease, which require moderately specialized knowledge and technical resources for adequate treatment.

Back 35

Secondary Level

Front 36

 Has highly technological and sophisticated services offered by medical centers and large hospitals  Specialized national hospitals  Provide training programs

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Tertiary Level

Front 37

THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SOUND PHC (THE 8A’s AND THE 3C’s)

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 Appropriateness  Availability  Adequacy  Accessibility  Acceptability  Affordability – cost within the means or resources of the individual in the country  Assessability – medical care can be easily or readily evaluated  Accountability  Completeness  Comprehensiveness – care is provided for all type of health problems  Continuity

Front 38

 This created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care, which is tasked to promote and advocate the use of traditional and alternative health care modalities through scientific research and product development  Signed in the Law through the efforts of the secretary of health, Juan Flavier

Back 38

RA 8423 or the TRADITIONAL & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ACT OF 1997.

Front 39

“The sum total of knowledge, skills, and practice on health care, not necessarily explicable in the context of modern, scientific, philosophical framework, but recognized by the people to help maintain and improve their health towards the wholeness of their being, the community and the society, and their interrelations based on culture, history, heritage, and consciousness”

Back 39

RA 8423 defined TRADITIONAL MEDICINE as…

Front 40

Other forms of nonallopathic, (allopathic means to describe science and evidence base medicine) occasionally nonindigenous or imported healing methods, though not necessarily practiced for centuries nor handed down from one generation to another.

Back 40

ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE

Front 41

10 MEDICINAL PLANTS ENDORSED BY THE DOH

Back 41

1. Lagundi

2. Yerba Buena

3. Sambong

4. Tsaang Gubat

5. Niyog-niyogan

6. Bayabas

7. Acapulco

8. Ulasima ng bato / pansit-pansitan

9. Bawang

10. Ampalaya

Front 42

ALTERNATIVE HEALTHCARE MODALITIES 1. - a method of healing and health promotion that uses the application of pressure on acupuncture points without puncturing the skin.  Press within the thumb 2. - a method of healing using special needles to puncture and stimulate specific anatomical points on the body 3. - the art & science of the sense of smell whereby essential aromatic oils are combined and then applied to the body in some form of treatment 4. - a discipline of the healing arts concerned with the pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of functional disturbances, pathomechanical states, pain syndromes, and neurophysiological effects related to the static and dynamics of locomotor system, especially of the spine and pelvis 5.

6. - a method wherein the superficial soft parts of the body are rubbed, stroked, kneaded, or tapped for remedial, aesthetic, hygienic, or limited therapeutic purposes 7. Nutritional therapy - the use of food as medicine and to improve health by enhancing the nutritional value of food components that reduces the risk of a disease. - “nutritional healing” 8. - a holistic approach that follows the principle of balancing energy 9. - it is based on the principle that internal glands and organs can be influenced by properly applying pressure to the corresponding reflex points on the body

Back 42

1. Acupressure

2. Acupuncture

3. Aromatherapy

4. Chiropractic

5. Herbal Medicine / Phytomedicine

6. Massage

7. Nutritional Therapy

8. Pranic Healing

9. Reflexology