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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define structuralism |
Experience is determined by combining elements of experience called sensations |
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What are the two kinds of models and cognitive psych and briefly explain both |
Structural models -representations of a physical structure Process models - represents processes in the mind, usually using box diagrams |
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What is the inverse projection problem? |
The task of determing the object that is responsible for the image on the retina |
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What is speech segmentation? |
The ability to know when one word ends and another begins |
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What is the direct pathway model? |
Early bottom up processing theory, emphasised nociceptors sending signals directly to the brain |
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What is helmholtz theory of unconscious inference? |
A top down theory that states some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions we make about the environment |
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What is the likelihood principle? |
We percieve the world based on what is most likely given our past experience |
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What us the law of pragnanz? |
Patterns are organized by the brain to be percieved in the simplest way possible |
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What is the law of similarity? |
Similar objects appear to be grouped |
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What is the law of good continuation? |
Lines tend to be percieved as following the smoothest path |
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What is the law of proximity? |
Things that are near to eachother appear to be grouped together |
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Law of common fate |
Things moving in the same direction are grouped together |
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Law of familiarity |
Thigs that are more familiar to us are more likely to be grouped together |
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What is the oblique effect? |
People percieve verticals and horizontals easier than other orientations |
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What are semantic regularities? |
the meaning of a given scene is related to what is happening within that scene. Ie what we expect to see in different contexts influences our interpretation of the identity of certain objects in the scene |
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What are physical regularities? |
Regularly occuring physical properties of the environment |
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What is bayesian inference? |
Theorised by thomas bayes (1701-1761) ones estimate of the probability of a given outcome is influenced by two factors A) the prior probability B) the likelihood of a given outcome |
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What is dichotic listening? |
A type of research method where different messages are presented to each ear |
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What is shadowing? |
When a subject repeats the designated word out loud during dichotic listening |
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What is broadbents filter model |
An early selection model Messages >sensory memory>filter (attended message gets through here) > detector > memory |
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What is tresimans attenuation theory? |
Attended message can be seperated from unattended message early in the info processing system Messages > attenuater > (attended message strengthened, unnatended message weakened) > dictionary unit The dictionary unit contains words which have different thresholds for being activated Common words have low thresholds Uncommon words have high thresholds |
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What is perceptual load? |
The difficulty of a given task |
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Describe the schneider and shiffrin divided attention test |
Subjects had to remember a number while monitoring whether or not it was located in a series of flashing screens |
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What is controlled processing? |
Slow, controlled attention given to a task |
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What are saccades? |
Rapid movement of the eye between one place and another |
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What is stimulus saliency? |
Areas that stand out and capture attention |
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What is a scene schema? |
K owledge about what is contained within typical scenes |
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What is precueing? |
Directing attention without moving the eyes |
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What is covert attention? |
Attention without eye movements |
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What is change blindness |
If shown two versions of a picture, differences between them are not immediately apparent |
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What is binding? |
The process by which features such as color, form, motion and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object |
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What is feature integration theory? |
Object > preattentive stage (analized into features)> focussed attention stage(combine features) > perception |
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What are illusory conjunctions? |
The tendency to combine features of different stimuli |
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What is the modal model of memory and who formed it? |
Atkinson and shiffrin. The computer model. Input > sensory memory > short term memory (rehearsal/output) >< long term memory |
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What is persistence in vision? |
Retention of a visual stimulud for fractions of a second after it is no longer visible |
