Clinical Procedures Test 2

Front 1

Rooms must be cleaned after every patient to prevent the spread of ______ and _______

Back 1

Odors and disease

Front 2

True or false, chemicals used to clean floors should never be mixed

Back 2

True

Front 3

For small animals, such as dogs, cats, birds and small animals, the ambient room temperature should be between ___ and ___ degrees

Back 3

18 to 25 degrees Celsius

Front 4

What happens if there is not adequet ventilation in the kennel room where animals are staying for a long period of time?

Back 4

Increase in urine odors, ammonia levels and a number of airborne bacteria and viruses. Could irritate the respiratory tract and predispose animals and people to respiratory disease.

Front 5

True or false, it's okay to house natural predators and prey animals in the same room.

Back 5

False

Front 6

What are the 5 most important qualities in a kennel

Back 6

1.no porous material (no germs missed)

2.water proof

3.easily cleanable

4.open concept front (for observation)

5.easy locking latch (escape proof)

Front 7

True or false. Hair, feces and litter decrease effectiveness and disinfectants or can even render them ineffective

Back 7

True

Front 8

List examples of exogenous and endogenous sources of microorganisms

Back 8

Exogenus

-air, instruments, skin, staff...

Endogenus

-within the patients blood stream (for example gingivitis and dermatitis. When there is damage to the tissue, bacteria can enter the blood stream and infect other places in the body)

Front 9

List the criteria for the ideal disinfectant

Back 9

Broad-spectrum, non-irritating, non-toxic, non-corrosive, inexpensive, doesn't damage or stain surfaces, stable after application, fast acting, unaffected by organic material, effective at any temp and residual & cumulative action.

Front 10

Match the following terms to the proper definitions

A) Antiseptic

B)Bactericide

C)Bacteriostatic

D)Biocide

E)Detergent

F)Disinfectant

G)Fungicide

H)Sanitize

I)Sporicide

J)Sterilize

K)Virucide

Back 10

____ Agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria

____ Reducing the number of microbes to a safe level

____ Agent that kills viruses

____ Agent that kills bacteria

____ Chemical soap that has free ions and leaves a film on surfaces

____ Agent that kills fungi

____ Chemical used to prevent or inhibit the growth of microbes on inanimate objects

____ Agent that kills spores

____ To eliminate all microbes by killing or inactivation

____ Agent that kills living organisms

____ Chemical that inhibits or prevents the growth of microbes on living tissue

Front 11

What are the 3 general types of physical methods used for sterilization?

Back 11

Filtration, radiation, heat (most common)

Front 12

True or false. Boiling water is an effective sterilization method

Back 12

False

Front 13

Sterilizers that employ steam under pressure are called _____

Back 13

Autoclave

Front 14

What kind of questions are best to ask when taking a patient's history

Back 14

Open ended questions

Front 15

True or false, medical records are legal documents

Back 15

True

Front 16

What should be in the signalment part of the history

Back 16

Age, sex, breed,

Front 17

What should be included in the background info part of the history

Back 17

General management, preventative medicine, behavioral info, household info, allergy history, reproductive history, past pertinent medical history

Front 18

What is a chief complaint

Back 18

The presenting complaint, why the clients brought in the animal

Front 19

Make sure all medical records are input in _____ are recorded thoroughly, _________, and are ______

Back 19

Real time, professionally, legible

Front 20

True or false. It is very important to asses both muscle condition score as well as body condition score. This will be much more accurate in assessing the overall health of the animal.

Back 20

True

Front 21

What does TPR stand for and when would we do a TPR

Back 21

Temperature, pulse, respiration

If a complete physical exam is not needed, often times techs or assistants will preform TPRs

Front 22

What does CRT stand for

Back 22

Capillary refill time

Front 23

Explain how you obtain a CRT

Back 23

Press a finger on the gums until the area around the finger turns white. When you remove the finger count the amount of seconds it takes for the white spot to return to the regular color

Front 24

What is considered a normal result of the CRT

Back 24

Less than 2 seconds

Front 25

What could it mean if you are getting a really low rectal temperature what should you do

Back 25

The tip of the thermometer could be sitting in some fecal matter. It's always good practice to double check low temperatures and retry. Making sure to gently pull the thermometer to one side against the wall of the rectum

Front 26

True or false. We should always check the pulse to make sure it's the same at the heart rate

Back 26

True

Front 27

If you count to 45 heart beats in 15 seconds, this is what you would write in the medical records

Back 27

180 bpm

Front 28

While assessing a patients respiration you should note how many breaths the patient takes per minute as well as ______ the chest to listen for any abnormalities

Back 28

Auscultate

Front 29

What instrument is used to assess heart and lung sounds.

Back 29

Stethoscope

Front 30

You enter the exam room and weigh the patient. Your clinic scale says he weighs 8.8lbs, but the veterinarian prefers you write the weight down in kg not lbs in the medical records. How much does he weighs in kgs

Back 30

4kgs (we divide and multiply by 2.2 to get either the kgs or lbs)

Front 31

What are 2 things you can do to check a patient's hydration status

Back 31

-gently pinch the skin between the shoulders (tenting) and observe how long it takes to return to normal

-check mucous membranes and assess if moist or dry

Front 32

A patient comes in with sunken eyes, dry and tacky mucous membranes and has a delay of about 7 seconds when tenting skin. How dehydrated is the patient

Back 32

8-10% dehydrated

Front 33

Complete the values chart

Canine

Rectal Temperature

Heart Rate

Respiratory

Feline

Rectal Temperature

Heart Rate

Respiratory

Back 33

Canine

Rectal temperature 37.8-39.p

Heart rate 60-160bpm

Respiratory 16 - 32 bpm

Feline

Rectal temperature 37.8-39.0

Heart rate 140-220bpm

Respiratory 20-42 bpm

Front 34

3 abnormalities you can physically see during a complete exam

Oropharyngeal

Eyes

Ears

Respiratory

Cardiovascular

Rectal

Urogenital

Integumentary

Musculoskeletal

Back 34

1)

Cracked teeth

Teeth discoloration

Tartar

2)

Swelling, redness, discharge

3)

Discharge, redness, swelling

4)

Visualize rate and and effort, distress? Are the nares symettrical? Patent? Any discharge?

5)

Looking at mucous membranes, color? Hydration, CRT

6)

Redness, Swelling, discharge

7)

Loss of hair, extra skin, any masses

8)

Discoloration or irritation between toes, cracked or bleeding nails, balding coat?

9)

Lameness? Favoring? Limping

Front 35

What is dead space? When can it cause a problem

Back 35

A potential space where product can go in a syringe when the plunger is pushed up as far as it will go. This can cause problems in small doses, it could be a significant amount that stays in the hub and doesn't get administered to the patient

Front 36

Is a 25g needle smaller or bigger than 20g

Back 36

Smaller

Front 37

Before injecting a medication we must always _____ to confirm the needle isn't I'm a blood vessel or that the needle hasn't gone through the skin

Back 37

Aspirate

Front 38

Why is it important to properly ID a patient and how do we do that

Back 38

We may have similar patients in the clinic under the same name. It's important to have the clients name also with the paperwork to ensure we have the right animal

Front 39

True or false you should never mix drugs or vaccines in the same syringe unless otherwise directed by a veterinarian

Back 39

True

Front 40

What should always be written on the label of a patient's syringe

Back 40

Drug name, date, initials of who drew it, patient it's intended for, how much product (ml), and the concentration (mg/ml)

Front 41

What should you do if you find air bubbles in your syringe

Back 41

The flicking technique, gently tap or counter or table... the bubbles MUST be removed do NOT inject air into a patient

Front 42

What factors could affect the veterinarians decision on the route of administration for a patient

Back 42

Patient condition, temperament, type of medication, urgency involved, cost, ease of administration and whether a systemic or local effect is desired

Front 43

Before administering any medication at all we must first check we have the right _________

Back 43

Animal, Drug, route, time and dosage

Front 44

You have a fussy patient who won't take oral meds and you're worried about putting your hand all in there what are some other solutions

Back 44

Coat in PB

Hide in cheese

Pill sandwich using fresh bread

Pill pocket

Front 45

When administering ophthalmic medication it is very important to use your dominant hand, the one holding the medication on top of the patients head why is this?

Back 45

To ensure if they move or jerk your hand/arm will go with you preventing car accident

Front 46

True or false. Parenteral administration is medicine taken into the body or administered in a manner OTHER than through the digestive tract

Back 46

True

Front 47

When administering SQ fluids into a dehydrated patient we can give ___ to ______ of warmed fluids per section

Back 47

50- 100

Front 48

When region of the body do we normally administer SQ

Back 48

Dorso lateral is preferred

Front 49

What is a disinfectant

Back 49

Chemical used to prevent or inhibit the growth of microbes on inanimate objects

Front 50

Antiseptic vs disinfectant

Back 50

Antiseptic

Chemical that inhibits or prevents the growth or microbes on living tissue

Disinfectant

Chemical that prevents or inhibits the growth of microbes on inanimate objects

Front 51

Sterilization vs Sanitation

Back 51

Sterilization

A chemical where all organisms are destroyed

Sanitation

chemical that reduces the number count of microbes to a safe level

Front 52

What sterilization method is most commonly used in the vet clinic

Back 52

Moist heat ( steam under pressure)

Front 53

What is the name of the instrument we use for sterilization

Back 53

The autoclave

Front 54

What types of needles are there

Back 54

Regular, multidose, insulin syringe

Front 55

The needle construction

Back 55

Bevel, shaft, hub, gauge number

Front 56

What's the rule for needle gauges

Back 56

Bigger the number the smaller the needle

Front 57

Filling a syringe steps

Back 57

Wipe the top

Take in air to avoid creating a vacuum

Insert into vial, insert air

Tip vial, syringe over start drawing up

Front 58

What do we mean when talking about developing a rapport

Back 58

Building a relationship of trust with the client

Front 59

How do we build a rapport

Back 59

Introduce yourself

Smile

Know the clients name

Know the patients name and sex

Show you care/ have compassion

Respect

Front 60

What are the 2 parts of taking a history

Back 60

Signalment

Background

Front 61

What are some supplies we may need for a PE

Back 61

Stethoscope

Otoscope

Opthalmoscope

Pen light

Plexor

Thermometer

Gloves

Lube

Front 62

What does BCS and MCS stand for

Back 62

Body condition score and muscle condition score

Front 63

Explain what would be wrong if the mucous membrane is

Normal

Pale or white

Blue/Cyanotic

Brick Red

Yellow/icteric

Brown-ish

Petechia

Back 63

Normal- is pink, profusion and oxygenation of blood tissue is at a good level

Pale or white- is anemic, poor perfusion, vasoconstriction

Blue- inadequate oxygenation

Brick Red - increased profusion, vasodialation

Yellow- bilirubin accumulation from hepatic disorder

Brownish- Tylenol(acetaminophen) toxicity( common in cats) or hemolytic anemia

Petechia - coagulation/ blood disorder

Front 64

Oral medication forms

Back 64

Tablets, capsules, liquid solution

Slower action than most routes

Front 65

Topical medication forms

Back 65

Liniment (rubbed in) lotions (soothing substance) ointment (water evaporates to leave drug on skin)

Front 66

The 3 "Other" medication forms

Back 66

Aural

Opthalmic

Intradermal

Front 67

Inhalant medication forms

Back 67

Anesthetic, puffers, oxygen, humidifiers, nebulizer(mist)

Front 68

Parenteral medication

Back 68

Anything taken into the body in a way other than through the digestive tract

Front 69

When is parenteral better

Back 69

Speed, oral trauma, vomiting, rehydration therapy, long-term therapy

Front 70

Routes for parenteral medication

Back 70

Subcutaneous (SQ, SC, SUBQ) (slowest parenteral route)

Intramuscular

Intravenously (fastest route)

Front 71

Routes for fluid or medication administration

Back 71

Oral

Orogastric intubation

Transdermal

Aural

Intrarectal

Intranasal

Intradermal

Topical

Topical opthalmic

Inhalents

Subcutaneous

Intramuscular

Intravenously

Intratracheal

Intraosseuous

Intraperitoneal

Front 72

Orogastric tube

Back 72

Often used to administer activated charcoal or perform gastric package for animals that invested toxins

Orphans or neonatal who are unable or are not nursing will be given an Orogastric tube

(Dogs usually permit placement cats need sedation)

Front 73

Before Orogastric medication is administered what should we check

Back 73

That it's in the correct placement, and after administration the tube is flushed to ensure everything has passed through

Front 74

0-5% dehydration

Back 74

No abnormalities seen- skin immediately returns to normal position after tenting, normal CRT,normal eyes, pink and moist MM

Front 75

5-8% dehydration

Back 75

Slight delay (2-4secs) in return of the skin to normal position, slight increase in CRT (2 seconds), eyes slightly sunken in sockets, mucous membrabes slightly dry or tacky

Front 76

8-10% dehydration

Back 76

Obvious delay (5-10 seconds) in the skin returning to normal position, increased CRT (2-2.5) eyes sunken in sockets, mucous membranes dry, slightly tacky

Front 77

10-12% dehydration

Back 77

Skin remains tented (10-30 seconds) CRT2increased dramatically(3+) eyes very sunken, dry mucous membrane, animal is depressed, may see signs of shock such as cool extremities, rapid/weak pulse, tachycardia

Front 78

12-15% dehydration

Back 78

State of shock, death is probable

Front 79

When might dry mucous membranes not be accurate in hydration status?

Back 79

Panting!

Front 80

What is a gallop rhythm

Back 80

Presence of a 3rd heart sound

Front 81

What is a murmur

Back 81

Abnormal sound caused by turbulent blood flow

Heard as a swishing noise

Front 82

Veterinary medicine is ___ cleanup and ___ medical practice

Back 82

90% and 10%

Front 83

One of the reasons cleanup in a veterinary practice is so challenging is the large amount of _______. It is such a major problem that a vacuum system needs to be used bedor3 general mopping

Back 83

Hair shed by animals

Front 84

When ________ there are probably many other clients quietly forming a negative impression about the practice

Back 84

One client complains

Front 85

Whenever a pet messes an area or cage, it must be cleaned ______ and ______

Back 85

Quickly and thoroughly

Front 86

The ventilation system should be capable of exhausting all air within the building within ______ to facilitate odor control

Back 86

15-20 minutes

Front 87

Disinfectant are chemicals that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects such as ______

Back 87

Surgical equipment, floors, and tabletop

Front 88

Labels must be read clearly to dilute the product to the correct strength to have a solution that kills ____, ______, or ______

Back 88

Viruses, fungi, or bacteria

Front 89

Clients notice _____ while waiting in the examination room

Back 89

The dirt

Front 90

T or F, If you find fecal matter in a dogs kennel, you should clean it up yourself

Back 90

T

Front 91

T or F, it's ok to return an animal to a freshly cleaned still wet kennel

Back 91

F

Front 92

T or F, Potted plants that sit on the floor are often urinated on and should be cleaned frequently

Back 92

T

Front 93

T or F, chemicals used to clean floors should never be mixed

Back 93

T

Front 94

Sanitizers are chemical agents that kill all microorganisms

Back 94

F

Front 95

As long as the outside of the practice looks presentable, the inside doesn't really matter

Back 95

F