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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define weather |
Atmospheric conditions (temp., precip, wind, + humidity) over a short time (day or week) |
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Define climate |
Average weather in a region over a long period of time |
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Spheres |
Lithosphere: made of solid rock, soil, and minerals of earth's crust Hydrosphere: - water in lakes + oceans, water vapour in atmos. + ice glaciers Atmosphere: layers of gas surrounding earth Biosphere: regions of earth's surface, atmos. + hydro, and all living things |
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How is heat transfered |
Conduction: transfer of heat between substances in direct contact. Better conductor, the more rapidly the heat will transfer Radiation: electromagnetic waves travel through space. These waves come in contact with an object + transfer heat to the object Convection: up + down movement of gases + liquids but heat transfer, as gas/liquid heats it warms, expands, rises, less dense - when liquid cools + less dense it falls (convection current) |
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Factors affecting climate |
Latitude Presence of large bodies of water Presence of ocean or air currents Land formations/climate zones Height above sea level (altitude)
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Latitude |
equator is closest to the sun (gets most heat) |
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Presence of water |
Lake affect: -lakes near oceans are cooler in summer then inland as water takes longer to warm as it absorbs thermal energy Lake affect snow: regions downland from large body of water have more snow as air passing absorbs water vapour + when reaches cooler land, water turns to snow |
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Land formations/climate zones |
Climate zones: many places have different climate
Rain shadow: - air goes up mountain, air cools, condenses, precip occurs - on the other side rain shadow occurs as air loses moisture |
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Presence of currents (ocean+air) |
Prevailing winds: - convection currents where air is heated at equator + moves to both poles where it cools + falls, causes wind - when air is passing over water before land, air picks up water vapour which once it reaches land condenses + forms precip Thermohaline circulation: - flow of water - warm water travels to poles, becomes denser + salty + sinks, then the cooler water is pushed back to equator - land close to warm water, damper conditions - land close to cold water, dry conditions |
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Height above sea level (altitude) |
- altitude increases and atomos. Pressure is lower from less air pushing down - air rises from lower altitudes, expands + cools. So mountain air is cooler compared to sea level |
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Layers of atmosphere |
Troposphere: - where earth's weather occurs - as altitude ^ temp decreases - layer closest to earth
Stratosphere: - has an ozone layer - UV hits O3 breaking 02 then they reconstruct to from 03 but CFC will take O2 and not allow the Os to combine Mesosphere: - coldest sphere - protect earth from meteoroids - temp decreases as you move from stratosphere Thermosphere: - thickest sphere - lower part: ionosphere - upper part: exosphere |
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Greenhouse gases |
CO2: Natural sources: volcanic eruptions, burning organic matter + cellular respiration from fish + plants - living things + oceans are natural carbon sinks (absorb co2 from atmos. + stores it - 25% of greenhouse Water vapour: - 66% of greenhouse - as temp ^ more water evaporates, traps more heat, causes more (feedback loop) Methane: absorbs more thermal energy than co2 Ozone: tropospheric ozone is always changing Nitrous oxide: - naturally produced by soil bacteria - 300x more effective than co2 but smaller concentration |
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Define convection currents |
curricular current in air and other fluids caused by rising of warm fluid as cold fluid sinks |
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Define heat transfer |
Thermal energy from 1 region to another |
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Define greenhouse effect |
- natural process where gases + clouds absorb infrared radiation emitted from earth's surface + radiate it - heats atmos, + earth's surface - helps maintain temp |
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Define carbon sink |
A reservoir that absorbs co2 from the atmos. + stores the carbon in another form (ocean, forest) |
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How does water cycle connect to carbon cycle |
- co2 ^, h2o ^ (warm h2o causes more hurricanes) - part of ocean circulation stops by north pole from Methane + changes density, more ice melts |
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Evidence of climate change |
- Rising temp - melting glaciers - sea level rising - seasons change (longer growing season, less cold days, cold later + staying longer) - severe weather (more droughts + heat waves, hurricanes more intense |
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Causes of climate change |
Anthropogenic sources Co2, Methane, Nitrous oxide + CFCs |
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How are anthropogenic sources released |
Co2: - burning fossil fuels + deforestation Methane: agriculture (farming), decay of organic material, coal mining, deforestation Nitrous oxide: livestock feed + waste, nitrogen fertilizers, fossil feul use CFCs: disposal of waste, gas leak of fridge |
