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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Relationship between weather and climate |
Definition of weather and climate Climate types occur symmetrically-polar and tropical- tropical-avg temp of 21 degrees, 2000mm rainfal-on the equator-, sun rays concentrated- whereas in polar, very cold due to curvature of the earth- sun rays spread over large area
Uk cool temperate maritime - sw winds -moisture from ocean- falls as rain throughout the year- cool temps of an avg of 8.5- western canada & new Zealand near ocean similar climate types. ALSO. Weather- warms oceans 26 degrees, hurricanes can occur- hurricane katrina hitting new orleans. -Extreme weather |
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Relationship between 1 or more biomes |
Def of biome- global scale ecosystem- tropical, desert are examples Tropical rainforest-amazon 21 degrees - 2000mm of rain - hot and humid and rain ideal fpr max plant productivity- liana trees grow up to 50m - more branches at top for max sunlight - trunks thin as don't need frost protection-with butress roots which support height and absorb nutrients in upper layer of soil- Latosol soils low in nutrients as intense rainfall washes out nutrients. - toucans have large beaks to increase heat loss
Desert- conditions hostile for plant and animal life. 250 mm rain. Reach up to 50 degrees in day, can drop below freezingat night, as have no blanket to help insulate ground. Plant- cactus- shallow extensive roots to get any water. Waxy layer on stem and leaves water is retained. Long eared rabbit - blood capillaries close to ears - pick up breeze - cool down. |
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Effects of climate change on biome |
Def of biome Increase in temp - uk deciduous woodland biome food ripening 18 days earlier than a decade ago-rowan berries. Bees become out of sync withthe flowers and crop pollination and at risk of extinction. Spring is coming 2 weeks earlier than 40 years ago. Migrant birds- swallow arriving earlier Tundra biome- melting ice caps- glaciers melt and permafrost Desert- less water, tropical- more rain- Latosol soils run out of nutrients |
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Short climate change |
El nino- se trade winds hold warm water in western pacific- se asia- evaporation- wet monsoonal weather. Eastern- cold and dry. Xmas twice a decade trde winds die down1- warm water moves to the east brining wet weather with it. Leving se asi and Australia cold and dry. Australia-2009 drought and bush fires and dust storms. Papau new guinea- famine Peru- warm water disperses shoals of anchovies which peru relie on its fishing industry, mudslides, flash flooding |
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Enviornmental factors |
El nino Milankovitch cycle- obliquity -tilt of earth's axis 22-24.5, currently 23. Tilt gives us the seasonsd more tilt more extreme. 41,000 year cycle Eccentricity- 100,000 year cycle varies between circular to elliptical due to gravitational force. In elliptical more differences between seasons. Precession- axis of rotation-direction of tilt-moves through slow precession -26,000 years. Every 13000 the N hemisphere points towards sun in 3rd january - perihelion |
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Changes to physical environment to provide evidence to climate change |
Climate change-normal conditions of temp and precipitation are interrupted Dendrochronology -cold climate of californian mountains- bristle cone pine trees- old- dummer grow and recorded within the tree rings. The more hot it is the wider the ring of the tree- see wgat it was like in the past. The rings have got wider over the years Phenology- seasonal patterns. Spring 2 weeks earlier than 40 years ago. First appwsrance of snowdrops. And migratory birds such as swallows. Uk- ripening fruit 18 days earlier than a decade ago. Rowan berries. |
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Human activities |
Climate change def. Enhanced gh effect. Sollar engergy enters as short wave radiation- Some solar energy is reflected clouds moreby earth's surface- albedo-ghgs trap it from leaving -humans contributing. Urbanisation- urban microclimates- chandler's study- 1965-london centre up to 6 degrees warmer than surrounding. - concrete and tarmac high thermal capacity- absorb energy. High rise buildings reduce wind speed-so warm air trapped. - Nitrate oxides from car exhausts
Deforestation- 1.5 billons of carbon dioxide released to atmosphere due to deforestation. Co2 when burnt and stored carbon released. Indonesia-slash and burn Methane- paddy fields, cattle
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Extreme weather |
Intro- cc causing extreme weather to increase -storms need 26 degrees sea temp. As temps increase so does intensity and frequency Social- Category 5-Hurricane katrina- 2005 August- wind sp 157mph- 1500 died.- ripped off roofs, brought down buildings Torrential flooding - 80% of new orleans flooded after 8.5m storm surge broke flood walls Damaging homes- 1 million homless. Crime and looting $150 Billion damage
Oli production on gulf of Mexico stopped |
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Impacts of rising sea level |
Change- thermal expansion & melting of glaciers- lots of runoff Eco Tuvalu- only 3m above sea level. Eco-soil salination is a problem because it is making it difficult to get clean drinking water and is harming crops as they cannot grow with the saltier water. destroy crops - farmers suffer Bangladesh- low lying 70% of the total area is less than 1 metre above sea level. And next to 3 largerivers and densely populated.- 1970 storm surge-destroyed lifestock
Social Tuvalu- people leave home as enviornmental refugees 1997 - new Zealand. -STRESS Bangladesh- if sea rises by 45 cm, 1 fifth under water- wet- mosquitoes- malaria |
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Impacts different regions |
SOCIAL Polar- decrease in sea ice thickness -permafrost thaw produced - building fiundations weaken- shift and unstable. Peopleforced to move. Mediterranean- inc if 1.3, more deaths- hwat- mosquitoes- malaria- pressure on hospitals. Most sig
ECO POLAR- ice melt open up north west passage- sea riute between atlantic and Pacific. Ecinomic benefits. Money to ecomomy-more travel
Marine - less biodiversity-less tourism and fisheries. . Calcification slowing down as water more acidic, skeleton formation does not build up, coral reef decreases in size. Say most sig
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Strategies & success |
Mitigation & adaption.
International- COP-1992-1997 protocol(legally binding document)- industrialised countries agreed to legally binding restrictions in ghg emissions of 6-8% lower than 1990 levels by 2008-2012. Usa did not ratufy treaty.----- different countries different views. No international agreement. . Usa required to reduce by 7% - didn't ratify- worried about cutting c02, put it at disadvantage to developing countries. India- its uk and usa fault. Good as keeps ghgs on agenda 2013- phillipines-typhoon haiyan -2014 make decision- 2015 dec National - eu- cut c02 by 20% by 2020. Make all fuel 10% biofuel-palm oil.1--- crbon neutral, large areas of land...... generate 15% of electricity using renewable such as wind turbines.
Individual. .. turning lights off, recycling, walking. . .... everyone does, big difference |
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Outine two impacts of climate change on society (10) |
Intro- climate change- when the avg temps and precipitation is disrupted Impacts on homes- by 2020 flood risk is expected to increase by 25%- putting additional 100,000 homes at risk. Impacts on health- heat waves will be 25% more likely by 2020- 2003 - 35,000 people died across Europe. - insects- malaria Impacts on lives- price of water increase- tar on roads and airports soften and rail tracks buckle in heat. Impacts on jobs- hotter drier summers in the SE will bring great benefits to the tourism industry in places such as Bournemouth- create employment opportunities in hotels and related industries. Most sig impact |
