Circulation Of The Blood

Front 1

Arteries

Back 1

Carry blood away from heart and toward capillaries

Hint 1

AA

Front 2

Veins

Back 2

Carry blood towards the heart and away from the capillaries

Hint 2

VT

Front 3

Capillaries

Back 3

Carry blood from the arterioles to the venules

Hint 3

Two structures the capillaries lie between

Front 4

Arteries outer layer

Back 4

Tunica externa- outer layer of fibrous connective elastic tissue

Front 5

Arteries middle layer

Back 5

Tunis media- smooth muscle, thick in arteries, some elastic tissue, important in blood pressure regulation

Front 6

Capillary layer

Back 6

Tunica intima- microscopic vessels, only one layer thick

Front 7

Vein inner layer

Back 7

Tunica intima- inner layer, valves prevent retrograde movement of blood

Front 8

Vein middle layer

Back 8

Tunica media- smooth muscle, thin in veins

Front 9

Vein outer layer

Back 9

Tunica externa- heavy layer of fibrous connective tissue you in mini veins

Front 10

Function of arteries

Back 10

Distribute nutrients and gases, carried in the blood by way of high-pressure, assist in maintaining arterial blood pressure, serve as blood reservations

Front 11

Function of Capillaries

Back 11

Serve as exchange vessels for nutrients, waste and fluids. Example oxygen exchange

Front 12

Function of Veins

Back 12

Collect blood for return to the heart, low pressure flow of blood compared with arteries

Front 13

Arteriosclerosis

Back 13

Hardening of arteries caused by calcification of fatty deposits on atrial wall

May be corrected with vasodilators, angioplasty or surgical replacement

Front 14

Atherosclerosis

Back 14

Lipids and other matter blocked arteries

Front 15

Aneurysm

Back 15

-Abnormal widening of arterial wall

-Promotes the formation of thrombi that may obstruct blood flow to vital tissues

Front 16

CVA

Back 16

Ischemia of brain tissue caused by an embolism or hemorrhage

Front 17

Varicose veins- vein disorder

Back 17

Enlarged veins

- blood pools

- example: hemorrhoids in the rectum

Front 18

Thrombophlebitis- Vein disorder

Back 18

Vein inflammation that is accompanied by a clot formation, may result in fetal pulmonary embolism

Front 19

Systemic Circulation

Back 19

Carries blood throughout the body. The path goes from the left ventricle through the aorta, smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins,vena cava, to right atrium

Front 20

Pulmonary Circulation

Back 20

-Carries blood to and from lungs

-Arteries deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange

-The pathway is from the right ventricle through pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, two left atrium

Front 21

Blood Circulation

Back 21

Refers to the flow of blood through all of the vessels, which are arranged in a complete circuit or circular pattern

Hint 21

What happens with low to no BP?

Front 22

Hepatic Portal Circulation

Back 22

- A unique blood route through the liver.

- Veins, the hepatic portal, exist between two capillary beds.

- Assists with homeostasis of blood glucose levels, stores glycogen and detoxifies the blood

Front 23

Blood Pressure

Back 23

- The push or force of blood in the blood vessels.

- Exist in all blood vessels, higher pressure and arteries and lower pressure in veins.

Front 24

Blood Pressure Gradient

Back 24

- Causes blood to circulate.

- Liquids can only flow from high pressure to areas of low pressure

Front 25

Low or Nonexistent Blood Pressure

Back 25

Fatal if not corrected

Front 26

Hypertension (HTN)

Back 26

Cause a blood vessel to rupture.

Can eventually lead to a CVA or MI

Front 27

What are the factors with BP?

Back 27

- Blood volume

- Strength of heart contractions

- Heart rate

- Blood viscosity

- Resistance to flow (peripheral resist)

Front 28

Heart Rate- its effect on BP

Back 28

Increased heart rate increases pressure, decreased rate equals decreased pressure

Front 29

Blood Volume- its effect on BP

Back 29

The larger the volume the more pressure exerted on the vessel walls

Front 30

Strength of Contractions- its effect on BP

Back 30

After cardiac output the stronger contraction increases pressure the weaker contraction decreases pressure

Front 31

Blood Viscosity- its effect on BP

Back 31

- With less than normal thickness the pressure is lower. - With greater than normal thickness the pressure is higher

Front 32

Resistance to Blood Flow (peripheral resist)- its effect on BP

Back 32

Affected by many factors including vasomotor mechanism (vessel muscle contraction and relaxation)

Front 33

Fluctuations in Arterial BP

Back 33

- BP varies within normal range from time-to-time

- Central Venous Pressure (CVP) influences pressure in large peripheral veins

Front 34

Venous return of blood to heart depends on five mechanisms

Back 34

- Strongly beating heart

- An adequate arterial BP

- Valves in Veins

- Pumping action of skeletal muscle contraction

- Changing pressure and chest cavity caused by breathing

Front 35

Pulse

Back 35

- Alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall.

- 9 major pulse points and named for arteries it's near

Front 36

HTN

Back 36

- Occurs when blood pressure exceeds 140/90

- 90% of cases are primarily idiopathic

- Risk factors: genetics, age, stress, obesity

Front 37

Circulatory Shock

Back 37

Failure of circulatory system to deliver oxygen to the tissues adequately resulting and cell impairment

Front 38

Cardiogenic Shock

Back 38

Caused by heart failure

Front 39

Hypovolemic Shock

Back 39

- Drop in blood volume that causes blood pleasure and bloodflow to drop.

- Often caused hemorrhage or loss of intestinal fluid, causing blood plasma chain out of the vessels

Front 40

Neurogenic Shock

Back 40

- Caused by nerve condition that relaxes blood vessels and that's reduces blood flow.

- Occurs when sympathetic stimulation is disrupted

Front 41

Anaphylactic Shock

Back 41

- Results from acute allergic reaction, anaphylaxis.

- Causes same kind of blood vessels that occur in neurogenic shock

Front 42

Septic Shock

Back 42

- Results from complications of septicemia.

- Toxins dilate blood vessel's, including shock

Front 43

Trace the Blood Flow

Back 43

See pic

Front 44

Pre-capillary Sphincters

Back 44

Smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillaries

Front 45

Superior Vena Cava

Back 45

Largest vein

Front 46

Aorta

Back 46

Carries blood out of left ventricle

Front 47

BP Gradient

Back 47

The difference between two blood pressures