Child Development Chapter 8

Front 1

Intelligence

Back 1

Those qualities that help us adapt successfully so that we achieve our goals in life

Front 2

Fluid intelligence

Back 2

Intelligence that allows us to quickly and effectively solve novel problems for which we have little training

Front 3

Crystallized intelligence

Back 3

What we already know and can draw on to solve problems

Front 4

Mental age

Back 4

The age level at which a child is performing on a test of mental ability

Front 5

Intelligence quotient or IQ

Back 5

Originally a measure of intelligence calculated based on the ratio of a child's mental age to chronological age, largely replaced now by the deviation IQ

Front 6

Deviation IQ

Back 6

A measure of intelligence that is based on the individual's deviation from the norms for a given test

Front 7

Authentic assessment

Back 7

A testing procedure that focuses on the processes used in solving complex, real-life problems rather than the product that results from the process

Front 8

Range of reaction

Back 8

The range of potential outcomes for any given genotype

Front 9

Flynn effect

Back 9

The increase in intelligence test scores that has occurred over time, necessitating the renorming of the test

Front 10

Intrinsic motivation

Back 10

Motivation that comes from inside the person, such as a feeling of Pride for a job well done

Front 11

Extrinsic motivation

Back 11

Motivation that depends on receiving an incentive or reward from the environment

Front 12

Theory of multiple intelligences

Back 12

Garners idea that there are a number of different types of intelligence that are all relatively independent of each other

Front 13

Triarchic Theory

Back 13

Sternberg's idea that intelligence represents a balance of analytical, creative, and practical abilities

Front 14

Analytical intelligence

Back 14

The type of intelligence that is the one closes to G for general intelligence and the one prized highly in most schools

Front 15

Creative intelligence

Back 15

The ability to generate ideas and to deal successfully with novelty (sometimes referred to as divergent thinking)

Front 16

Divergent thinking

Back 16

The ability to find as many possible solutions to a problem as possible, rather than the one "correct" solution

Front 17

Convergent thinking

Back 17

Finding one correct solution for a problem

Front 18

Practical intelligence

Back 18

The ability to solve everyday Problems by changing ourselves or our Behavior to fit the environment better, changing the environment, or moving to a different environment in which we can be more successful

Front 19

Intellectual disability

Back 19

A type of intellectual impairment that begins early in life and includes deficits in intellectual, social, and adaptive functioning

Front 20

Specific learning disorder (SLD)

Back 20

Persistent difficulty with learning that is substantially below the average and cannot be better explained by another problem. Specific areas of difficulty include Reading, Writing, and arithmetic

Front 21

Gifted children

Back 21

Children and Youth who exhibit high performance capability and intellectual, creative, and/or artistic areas

Possess an unusual leadership capacity or excel in specific academic fields

Front 22

Three ring model of giftedness

Back 22

A conception of giftedness as the intersection of

above-average intellectual ability

creativity

and task commitment

Front 23

Enrichment approach

Back 23

An educational approach for gifted children in which the curriculum is covered but in Greater depth, breadth, or complexity that is done in a typical classroom

Front 24

Accelerated program

Back 24

A type of program that allows gifted students to move through the standard curriculum or more quickly than is typical

Front 25

Creativity

Back 25

Thinking that is novel and that produces ideas that are of value

Front 26

Small C creativity

Back 26

The type of creativity we use in everyday life to solve problems and adapt to change

Front 27

Big C creativity

Back 27

The type of creativity that transforms a culture by impacting the way we think or live our lives

Front 28

Ability grouping

Back 28

An educational approach that places students of similar ability in learning groups so they can be taught at a level that is most appropriate for their level of understanding

Front 29

Social promotion

Back 29

Promoting a child who has not mastered grade level material to keep the child in a class with same-age peers

Front 30

Stereotype threat

Back 30

The anxiety that results when individuals feel they are behaving in ways that confirm negative stereotyped expectations of a group with which they identify

Front 31

Implicit association test

Back 31

A measure of a person's automatic, unconscious associations between different concepts

Front 32

Academic mindset

Back 32

Deeply held beliefs that influence our behaviors in academics settings

Front 33

Expectancy effects

Back 33

The effect that the expectations of others can have on one's self perception and behavior

Front 34

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 34

The process by which expectations or beliefs lead to behaviors that help ensure that you fulfill the initial prophecy or expectation