Child Development Chapter 6

Front 1

Hemispheres

Back 1

The two halves of the brain

Front 2

Corpus callosum

Back 2

The band of fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain

Front 3

Brain stem

Back 3

The most primitive part of the brain and controls basic survival functions like breathing, heart rate, and sleep

Front 4

Cerebellum

Back 4

Located at the top of the brainstem and receives info from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to coordinate balance and voluntary movement

Front 5

Cerebrum/cortex

Back 5

Accounts for about two-thirds of the brains mass and handles the higher functions of thought and action

Includes occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe

Front 6

Occipital lobe

Back 6

Lobe that processes vision

Front 7

Temporal lobe

Back 7

Lobe that processes auditory info and enables us to understand language

Front 8

Parietal lobe

Back 8

Lobe that processes sensory input and is where taste, temperature, and touch are integrated or processed

Front 9

Frontal lobe

Back 9

Lobe that processes complex thoughts, planning, movement, language, and impulse control

Front 10

Amygdala

Back 10

Contributes to our emotions and moods

Front 11

Hippocampus

Back 11

Processes and stores memory

Front 12

Neuron

Back 12

Cells that make up the nervous system of the body

Front 13

Neurotransmitter

Back 13

Chemicals that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse from one nerve cell to another

Front 14

Axons

Back 14

The parts of a nerve cell that conduct impulses away from the cell body

Front 15

Dendrites

Back 15

The portions of a neuron that receive impulses from other neurons

Front 16

Synapse

Back 16

The place where the axon from one neuron meets the dendrite of another neuron

Front 17

Gray matter

Back 17

The neuron and synapses that make up the brain

Front 18

Synaptogenesis

Back 18

The development of new synapses

Front 19

Plasticity

Back 19

The ability of a immature brain to change in form and function

Front 20

Pruning

Back 20

The deterioration and disappearance of synapses that are not used

Front 21

Experience-expectant brain development

Back 21

Development that occurs when we encounter experiences that our brain expects as a normal event.

Ex. During normal course of events, our eyes will be exposed to light. When these expected events occur, the pathways that are used are retained

Front 22

Experience-dependent brain development

Back 22

Development that occurs in response to specific learning experiences

Ex. The constant use of the fingers of the left hand to move and hold the appropriate strings on the violin further develop that part of the right side of the brain

Front 23

Myelination

Back 23

The process of laying down a fatty sheath of myelin on the neurons

Front 24

White matter

Back 24

The myelin-coated axons that connect neurons in the brain

Front 25

Cerebral palsy

Back 25

A chronic condition that appears early in development and primarily involves problems with body movement and muscle coordination

Front 26

Autism spectrum disorder

Back 26

A disorder characterized by pervasive impairment and social communication and interaction and by restricted repetitive behaviors, interest, or activities.

Severity is classified by how much support the individual needs to function effectively

Front 27

Wernickes area

Back 27

Producing language/speech production

Front 28

Brocus area

Back 28

Processing/interpreting language

Front 29

Schizophrenia

Back 29

A psychotic disorder marked by disorganized thinking, hallucinations, and delusions

Front 30

Visual acuity

Back 30

The ability to see things in sharp detail

Front 31

Adolescent growth spurt

Back 31

The period of rapid change in height and weight that occurs in early adolescence

Front 32

Prepubescence

Back 32

The period before puberty when hormonal changes begin

Front 33

Puberty

Back 33

The physical changes that occur in adolescence and make an individual capable of sexual reproduction

Front 34

Primary sex characteristics

Back 34

Physical characteristics directly involved in reproduction

Front 35

Menarche

Back 35

A girl's first menstrual period

Front 36

Spermarche

Back 36

The beginning of production of viable sperm

Front 37

Secondary sex characteristics

Back 37

Physical characteristics associated with gender that do not directly affect the sex organs

Front 38

Precocious puberty

Back 38

A condition in which pubertal changes begin at an extra ordinarily early age (as young as six or seven years of age)

Front 39

Sexually transmitted infection (STI)

Back 39

An infection caused by a microorganism that is transmitted by direct sexual contact

Front 40

Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

Back 40

A pathology that can result from a sexually transmitted infection

Front 41

Reflexes

Back 41

Patterned, involuntary motor responses that are controlled by the lower brain centers

Front 42

Proximodistal

Back 42

Development that proceeds from the central axis of the body toward the extremities

Move hand, to fingers, to individual fingers ect

Front 43

Proprioception

Back 43

A sense of knowing where the parts of one's body are located in space without the need to look at them

Front 44

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Back 44

A condition in which delays in reaching motor milestones interfere with daily living or academic performance

Front 45

Colostrum

Back 45

The thick, yellowish substance filled with antibodies and nutrients that is produced from a woman's breast after she gives birth before milk is produced

Front 46

Undernutrition

Back 46

A deficiency of calories or of one or more essential nutrients

Front 47

Food insecurity

Back 47

A situation in which food is often scarce or unavailable, causing people to overeat when they do have access to food