Chemistry: Study Of Matter, Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Front 1

electromagnetic radiation

Back 1

a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

Front 2

wavelength

Back 2

the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave

Front 3

frequency

Back 3

the number of waves that pass a given point per second

Front 4

amplitude

Back 4

the wave's height from the origin to a crest, or from the origin to a trough

Front 5

electromagnetic spectrum

Back 5

includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation: the types of radiation differ in their frequencies and wavelengths

Front 6

quantum

Back 6

the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

Front 7

Planck's constant

Back 7

6.626*10^-34 J*s where J is the symbol for the joule

Front 8

photoelectric effect

Back 8

A phenomenon in which photo electrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface

Front 9

photon

Back 9

a mass less particle that carries a quantum of energy

Front 10

atomic emission spectrum

Back 10

a set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves given off by atoms of an element; consists of a series of fine lines of individual colors

Front 11

ground state

Back 11

the lowest allowable energy state of an atom

Front 12

quantum number

Back 12

the number assigned to each orbit of an electron

Front 13

de Broglie equation

Back 13

predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics and relates each particle's wavelength to its frequency, its mass, and Planck's constant

Front 14

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Back 14

states that it is not possible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time

Front 15

quantum mechanical model of the atom

Back 15

an atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves; also called the wave mechanical model

Front 16

atomic orbital

Back 16

a three-dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron's probable location

Front 17

principal quantum number

Back 17

assigned by the quantum mechanical model to indicate the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals

Front 18

principal energy levels

Back 18

the major energy levels of an atom

Front 19

energy sublevels

Back 19

the energy levels contained within a principal energy level

Front 20

electron configuration

Back 20

the arrangement of electrons in an atom which is prescribed by three rules-the aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule

Front 21

aufbau principle

Back 21

states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

Front 22

Pauli's exclusion princliple

Back 22

states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite spins

Front 23

Hund's rule

Back 23

states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

Front 24

valence electrons

Back 24

electrons in the atom's outermost orbitals

Front 25

electron-dot structure

Back 25

consists of an element's symbol, representing the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons, that is surrounded by dots representing the atom's valence electrons