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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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soluble
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Describes a substance that can be dissolved in a given solvent.
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insoluble
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A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent.
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immiscible
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Two liquids that can be mixed together, but seperate shortly after you stop mixing them.
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miscible
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Two liquids that are souble in each other.
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solvation
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The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution.
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heat of solution
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The overall energy change that occurs during the solution formation process.
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solubility
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The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure.
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saturated solution
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A solution containing the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.
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unsaturated solution
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A solution contaning less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure than a saturated solution.
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supersaturated solution
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A solution containing more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.
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Henry's law
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States that at a given temperature, the solubillity (s) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (p) of the gas above the liquid.
(s_1) / (p_1) = (s_2) / (p_2) OR: (s_1)(p_2) = (p_1)(s_2) |
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concentration
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A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution.
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molarity (M)
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The number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution.
M = (moles of solute) / (liters of solution) OR: (M_1)(V_1) = (M_2)(V_2) |
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molality (m)
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The ratio of the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of solvent.
m = (moles of solute) / (kilogram of solvent) |
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mole fraction
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The ratio of the number of moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles of solute and solvent.
(x_a) = (n_a) / [(n_a) + (n_b)] (x_b) = (n_b) / [(n_a) + (n_b)] (n_a) = # of moles of solvent; (n_b) = # of moles of solute |
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colligative properties
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The physical properties of solutions that are affected by the number of, but not the identity of, dissolved solute particles.
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vapor pressure lowering
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The lowering of the vapor pressure of a solvent by the addition of a nonvolatile solute to the solvent.
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boiling point elevation
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The temperature difference between a solution's boiling point and a pure solvent's boiling point.
Δ(T_b) = (k_b)(m) |
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freezing point depression
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The difference in temperature between a solution's freezing point and the freezing point of a pure solvent.
Δ(T_f) = (k_f)(m) |
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osmosis
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The diffusion of solvent particles across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher solvent concentration to an area of lower solvent concentration.
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osmotic pressure
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The amount of additional pressure caused by the water molecules that moved into the solution through osmosis.
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suspension
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A mixture containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed.
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colloid
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A heterogeneous mixture of intermediate-sized particles.
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Brownian motion
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An erratic movement of colloid particles.
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Tyndall effect
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The scattering of light by colloidal particles.
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