Chemistry For Mlt

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Normal finding in Laboratory plasma cortisol determination morning values vs. evening values

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higher in the morning and lower in the evening

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In the lIver bilirubin is conveted to

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bilirubin-diglucuronide

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a condition that occurs when your body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a long time

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Cushing's syndrome

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a disorder that occurs when your body produces insufficient amounts of certain hormones produced by your adrenal glands

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Addison's disease

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a disorder in which your pituitary gland fails to produce one or more of its hormones, or doesn't produce enough of them

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Hypopituitarism

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serum or plasma samples with elevated bilirubin levels

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bilirubin-albumin complex

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brown bile pigment formed from urobilinogens and found in feces and in small amounts in urine

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Urobilin

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a colorless compound formed in the intestines by reduction of bilirubin

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Urobilinogen

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electrophoretic pattern of a plasma sample compared with serum sample shows

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sharp fibrinogen peak

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Serum vs. plasma

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No fibrinogen vs. Fibrinogen present

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The Biruet reaction for the analysis of serum peotin depends on the number of

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peptide bonds

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Total iron-binding capacity measures the serum iron transporting capacity of

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transferrin

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intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion

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ferritin

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In the jendrassik-Grof method for the determination of serum bilirubin concentration, quantitation is obtained by measuring the green color of

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azobilirubin

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Absorbance may be converted to persent transmittance using the formula

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2-log%T

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AST and ALT are both elevated in

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viral hepatitis

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associated with liver parenchymal cells

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AST and ALT

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the ALT is a more specific indicator of liver inflammation than

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AST

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Help test for acute liver damage but is replaced by the cardiac troponins

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AST

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Ca concentration in the serum is regulated by

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parathyroid hormone

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Adrenal cortical hormone

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corticosterone

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Blood pCO2 can be determined by

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calculation of blood O2 and total CO2 concentration

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Most of the carbondiiode present in blood is in the form of

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bicarbonate

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In the potentiometric measurement of H+ ion concentration, reference electrodes that may be used include

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silver-silver cholride

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In a spectophotometer, light of a specific wavelength can be isolated from white light with

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diffraction grating

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osmolaity of a urine/serum specimen is measured by a change in the

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freezing point

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Glucuse can change if

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left standing at room temperature for eight hours before processing

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a urine screening test for porphobilinogen is postive what disease is it?

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acute porphyria

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In electrophoretic analysis, buffers

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acts as a carrier for ions

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Elevated serum iron with normal iron binding capacity is associated with

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pernicious anemia

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the presence of bacteria in the blood

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Septicemia

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a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells

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iron deficiency anemia

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stimulant that causes localized sweating for the sweat test

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pilocarpine nitrate

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Serum osmolality incorporated a correction for the water content of plasma

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2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)

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calculated and measured osmolality values

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Osmolal gap

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the temperature at equilbrium is a funcation of the number of particels in solution

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cryoscoppic osmometry

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the degree to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate

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urine to serum osmolality ratio

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Indicative of pancreatitis

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amylase

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cyclic antidepressants

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basic drug

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In a speicmen collected for plasma glucose analysis, sodium fluoride

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inhibits glycolysis

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The average osmolal gap is near

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0

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To be analyzed by gas liquid chromatography a compound must

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be volatile or made volatile

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The solute that contributes most to the total serum osmolality

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Na

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Amperometic measurement

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pO2 electrode

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unsaturated A ring

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estrogen

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In a bichromaticananyzer , dual wavelengths are employed to

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minimize the effect of interference

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presnce of seminal fluid can be measured by

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acid phosphatase

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Nephrotic syndrome would have which serum protein fractins elevated

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alpha2-globulin and beta globulin

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a condition marked by low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood due to breathing excessively.

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Respiratory alkalosis

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decreased respiration causes increased blood carbon dioxide and decreased pH

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respiratory acidosis

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hs-CRP >10.0 mg/L, the patient should be evaluated for

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an acute inflammatory condition

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hs-CRP between 3-10 mg/L

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high risk for CVD

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caffine is used to accelerate the reaction of unconjugated bilirubin with the diazo reagent

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Jendrassik-Grof method

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Isoenzymes of CK include

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MB
MM
BB

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associated with alkaline pH, CO2 would be increased to counteract the alkalosis

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Compensated Metabolic alkalosis

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hs-CRP >10.0 mg/L, the patient should be evaluated for

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an acute inflammatory condition

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associated with alkaline pH, CO2 would be increased to counteract the alkalosis

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Compensated Metabolic alkalosis

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hs-CRP between 3-10 mg/L

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high risk for CVD

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associated with alkaline pH, CO2 would be increased to counteract the alkalosis

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Compensated Metabolic alkalosis

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hs-CRP >10.0 mg/L, the patient should be evaluated for

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an acute inflammatory condition

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hs-CRP >10.0 mg/L, the patient should be evaluated for

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an acute inflammatory condition

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hs-CRP between 3-10 mg/L

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high risk for CVD

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hs-CRP between 3-10 mg/L

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high risk for CVD

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caffine is used to accelerate the reaction of unconjugated bilirubin with the diazo reagent

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Jendrassik-Grof method

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caffine is used to accelerate the reaction of unconjugated bilirubin with the diazo reagent

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Jendrassik-Grof method

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caffine is used to accelerate the reaction of unconjugated bilirubin with the diazo reagent

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Jendrassik-Grof method

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Isoenzymes of CK include

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MB
MM
BB

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Isoenzymes of CK include

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MB
MM
BB

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Isoenzymes of CK include

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MB
MM
BB

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protein catalysts of biological origin

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Enzymes

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elevated in hemolysis

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K

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portion of enzyme that is sepreated from its cofacter

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Apoenzyme

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related enzyme with a different chemical structure

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isoenzyme

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non-protein molecule (often a vitamin) that helps an enzyme become active

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coenzyme

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used to collect sweat for chloride analysis

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iontophoresis

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actually stimulates sweat glands

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Pilocarpine

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Which band is not made up of a mixture of proteins

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Albumin

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In the condition kernicterus, the abnormal accumulation of bilirubin occurs in what tissue

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Brain

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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by

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pituitary

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produces corticosteroid hormones, androgens, aldosterone

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adrenal cortex

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produces catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine

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adrenal medulla

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produces thyroid hormones such as T3 and T4

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thryoid gland

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Low pH hyperventilating, and lowering pCO2, in an attempt to restore normal pH, resulting in a compensated or partially compensated metabolic acidosis.

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Metabolic acidosis

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B-hydroxybutyric acid is formed as the result of an accumulation

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acetyl Co A

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The ultimate end product of both epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolism is

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vanillylmandellic acid (VMA)

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Cryoglobulin testing can be used to

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Help diagnose Raynaud's syndrome

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the substance that is measured to estimate the serum concentration of triglycerides by

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glycerol

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The most sensitive enzyamtiv indicator for liver damage from ethanol intake is

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GGT

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diagnostic liver function test, to determine liver health elevated levels often suggest the existence of other medical problems such as viral hepatitis, congestive heart failure, liver damage, bile duct problems, infectious mononucleosis

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ALT

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enzyme associated with liver parenchymal cells, commonly measured clinically as a part of diagnostic liver function tests, to determine liver health

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AST

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intestinal
tissue non-specific (liver/bone/kidney)
placental

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Alkaline phosphatase

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Serum Cortisol concentration greater than 15 mg/gL

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Crushing's Syndrome

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ALT increased
AST increased
GGT is slightly increased
Alkaline phosphatase

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Acute Hepatitis

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AST/ALT slight increase
GGT slightly increase
Alkaline phosphatase slightly increase

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Chronic hepatitis

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A compound is said to fluoresce when it absorbd light at one wavelength and emits light a second wavelength

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Flurometry

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respiration is decreased leading to increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood.

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respiratory acidosis

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type 1 diabetes is associated with low blood pH due to increased production of hydrogen by the body or the inability of the body to form bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the kidney

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Metabolic acidosis

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a metabolic condition in which the pH of the blood is elevated beyond the normal range usually the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate

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Metabolic alkalosis