2009-2010 Chemistry Chapter 4

Front 1

What Greek philosopher coined the word "atom"?

Back 1

Democritus

Front 2

Atom, comes from the Greek word "atomos" meaning _____.

Back 2

Indivisible

Front 3

Who came up with the Law of Conservation of Matter?

Back 3

Antoine Lavoisier

Front 4

Who came up with the Law of Constant Composition/ Law of Definite Proportion?

Back 4

Joseph Proust

Front 5

John Dalton came up with his version of the ______?

Back 5

Atomic Theory
(John Dalton's Atomic Theory)

Front 6

In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
All matter is made up of _____, which are indivisible.

Back 6

Atoms

Front 7

In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
All atoms of the same element are _____, but differ from those of other elements.

Back 7

Identical

Front 8

In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
Atoms are neither _____ nor ________ in any chemical reaction.

Back 8

Created/ Destroyed

Front 9

In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:
A given compound _____ has the same relative numbers/ kinds of ______.

Back 9

Always/ atoms

Front 10

In John Dalton's Atomic Theory:

Back 10

-All matter is made up of atoms
-All atoms of the same element are identical
-Atoms are neither created nor destroyed
-A given compound always has the same relative numbers/kinds of atoms

Front 11

In Dalton's model of the atom...

Back 11

It had no protons, neutrons, or electrons.

Front 12

Ben Franklin: studied static electricity; objects could have _____ or _____ charges.

Back 12

Positive/ Negative

Front 13

The word electricity comes from elektron. (Greek word for_____)

Back 13

Amber

Front 14

Static electricity is...

Back 14

Charge in motion

Front 15

Opposite charges ____

Back 15

Attract

Front 16

Like charges ______

Back 16

Repel

Front 17

Crookes studied

Back 17

Behavior of gasses in a vacuum tube.

Front 18

In a vacuume tube, air is _________ and high voltage is applied to its electrodes. A yellow-green fluorescent light appears.

Back 18

Pumped out

Front 19

_______ placed an object in the path of the light in a vacuum tube and a ______ of the object appeared.

Back 19

Crookes/shadow

Front 20

The shadows produced from blocking the path of light in a vacuume tube are called...

Back 20

Cathode Rays

Front 21

Who is credited with finding Cathode Rays?

Back 21

Crookes

Front 22

What is the vacuume tube that creates Cathode Rays called?

Back 22

A Crookes' Tube

Front 23

J.J. Thomson is credited with making the ________ model of an atom.

Back 23

Plum Pudding

Front 24

Thomson discovered ______.

Back 24

Electrons

Front 25

Thomson used a magnet in the CRT to deflect the rays away from the negative pole of the magnet. No deflection w/out magnet, so the rays must be

Back 25

Negative

Front 26

When Thomson used a magnet in the CRT to deflect rays, he used other gasses which also resulted in the rays being negative, so the characteristic is to _____ elements.

Back 26

All

Front 27

JJ Thomson said electrons are disctributed like ______ in _______.

Back 27

Plums/pudding

Front 28

In JJ Thomson's plum pudding model, he knew there were _______ charges, but he couldn't prove it.

Back 28

Positive

Front 29

Who is Millikan?

Back 29

He measured the charge on an electron. Then calculated the mass of an electron.

Front 30

What is the charge on an electron?

Back 30

1.60 x 10 (-19) coulombs

Front 31

After Millikan found the charge of an electron, he used a ________ ratio to find the mass of an electron.

Back 31

charge/mass

Front 32

Neutrons were discovered by

Back 32

James Chadwick

Front 33

Who accidently discovered uranium exhibits radioactivity?

Back 33

Henri Beckerel

Front 34

Who isolated radium and polonium which are both radioactive?

Back 34

Marie and Pierre Curie

Front 35

What are the 3 types of radiation?

Back 35

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma

Front 36

Rutherford discovered what?

Back 36

The positively charged nucleus.

Front 37

What experiment is Rutherford famous for?

Back 37

Gold-Foil Experiment

Front 38

Rutherford concluded that the _____ is the most dense part of the atom.

Back 38

Nucleus

Front 39

Rutherford concluded that the ____ was mostly empty space.

Back 39

Atom

Front 40

In Rutherford's experiment, some of the particles were deflected backwards and the result was that the nucleus is positive; ______ was discovered because of this?

Back 40

Protons

Front 41

Who's model of the atom had electrons on the outside, a large empty space within, and a nucleus with protons and neutrons?

Back 41

Rutherford

Front 42

In Rutherford's experiment, he shot positive ________ through gold foil.

Back 42

Alpha Particles

Front 43

Atoms consist of what 3 subatomic particles?

Back 43

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Front 44

Atoms are not permanantly changed during chemical reactions, merely ______.

Back 44

Rearranged

Front 45

Atoms can be changed to other _____, but not by ordinary chemical reactions. (Nuclear)

Back 45

Elements

Front 46

______ of the same element are not all alike. (Isotopes)

Back 46

Atoms

Front 47

An atom's identity comes from the number of _____ in its nucleus.

Back 47

Protons

Front 48

Atomic number is defined as the number of _____ (which is also the number of electrons) in an atom's nucleus.

Back 48

Protons

Front 49

Atoms are electrically ____.

Back 49

Neutral

Front 50

Electrons are ______ charged.

Back 50

Negatively

Front 51

Protons are ______ charged.

Back 51

Positively

Front 52

Neutrons have a ________ charge.

Back 52

Neutral

Front 53

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons are ________.

Back 53

Isotopes

Front 54

The total number of protons and neutrons of an isotope is the

Back 54

Mass Number

Front 55

Hyphen Notation- the ______ is added with a hyphen to the name of the element.
Carbon-12

Back 55

Mass Number

Front 56

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons is an

Back 56

Ion

Front 57

An ion may have a positive/negative _____.

Back 57

Charge

Front 58

_____ are positively charged because they lose electrons.

Back 58

Cations

Front 59

______ are negatively charged because they gain electrons.

Back 59

Anions

Front 60

The mass of a neutral atom is measured in

Back 60

Atomic Mass Units (AMU)

Front 61

All of the elements have their masses compared to a _____. ______ is the standard of comparison.

Back 61

Standard/ Carbon-12

Front 62

The mass of the Carbon-12 atom is ______ amu.

Back 62

12

Front 63

Average atomic mass is the ______ of the atomic masses of the naturally occuring _____ of an element.

Back 63

Weighted average/isotopes

Front 64

Averagge atomic mass depends on both the mass and the _________ of each isotope.

Back 64

Percent Abundance