Chapters 20-22

Front 1

Diaspora

Back 1

Dispersal/mass-movement of a group of people.

Front 2

Factories

Back 2

European trading fortresses + compounds with resident merchants; utilized throughout Portuguese trading emp. to assure secure landing places and commerce. Built on the coast with the consent of local rulers

Front 3

The Atlantic Slave Trade (1450's-1850's)

Back 3

-Estimated 12 million slaves in the slave trade.
-Estimated mortality rate = 10-20%
-Cut Africa's population by 50%
-As a country's power grew, so did their power in the slave trade. (Portuguese --> Spanish --> Dutch)

Front 4

The Trans-Saharan Slave Trade

Back 4

-Before the Atlantic Slave trade across the Sahara Desert (Pre-European).
-Ran by the Berbers in the Sahel.
-Largely women sold into Arab Harems or as house slaves.
People able to buy their way out; were treated better.

Front 5

Middle Passage

Back 5

The voyage crossing the Atlantic from Africa to America.

Front 6

The Great Trek

Back 6

Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of Southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions north of Orange River and Natal.

Front 7

Miscegenation

Back 7

Mixing of races.

Front 8

Janissaries

Back 8

Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered ares of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after the 15th century.

Front 9

Battle of Lepanto in 1571

Back 9

A battle between Spain and the Ottomans over the Mediterranean Sea. Shows Spain's supremacy and the Ottoman's decline in power in the Mediterranean.

Front 10

The Safavid Empire

Back 10

The Shi'a's largest empire; nomadic warrior tribes from the Turkic group.

Front 11

Chaldiran

Back 11

Site of battle between Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Safavids severely defeated by the Ottomans; checked western advance of the Safavid empire, and Eastern advance of the Ottomans.

Front 12

Arabesque

Back 12

Geometric forms of plant and animal life.

Front 13

Vizier

Back 13

Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 15th century often more powerful than sultan.

Front 14

Mfecane

Back 14

Wars of 19th century in southern Africa; created by Zulu expansion under Shaka Zulu; revolutionized political organization of Southern Africa.

Front 15

Boers and Afrikaners

Back 15

Descendants of Dutch settlers in Southern Africa.

Front 16

The Asante Empire

Back 16

Develop along the Gold Coast; heavily contribute to slave trade because of European weapons.

Front 17

Brahmins

Back 17

The priests who made up the highest class in the Indian caste system.

Front 18

Nagasaki Bay

Back 18

The bay in Japan traders were limited to to cut off foreign influence with Japan by Tokugawa Ieyasu in the early 1600's.

Front 19

School of National Learning

Back 19

New ideology that stressed Japan's unique history and de-emphasized Chinese influence. Indigenous culture more important than anything else.

Front 20

Asian Sea Trading Network

Back 20

The trade network that connected Africa, Europe and Asia together and facilitated the exchange of goods, culture, technology, ideas, art, and architecture.

Front 21

Java

Back 21

The island where the Dutch set up the tribute system.

Front 22

Philippenes

Back 22

The islands in which the Spanish set up the tribute system.

Front 23

The Tribute Sytem

Back 23

A system in which defeated people were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and/or labor.

Front 24

Jesuits

Back 24

Catholic missionaries as a result of the Catholic Reformation and fundamentalist revival in the Catholic Church (also a result of the Catholic reformation).

Front 25

Untouchables

Back 25

The lowest people in the Indian caste system. Francis Xavier ministered to them and converted tens of thousands to the Christian faith.