Chapter 7 Muscular System

Front 1

What are he 6 functions of muscle tissue?

Back 1

Movement, maintenance of posture, stabilizing joints, generating heat, guard entrances and exits of body, support for soft tissues

Front 2

What are the 5 characteristics of muscle tissue?

Back 2

1. Highly cellular
2. Highly vascularized
3. Contractile (myofilaments)
4. Excitable
5. Extensible and elastic

Front 3

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Back 3

Skeletal, Smooth, cardiac

Front 4

What are muscle cells also called?

Back 4

Muscle fibers

Front 5

Draw a Skeletal muscle and label the epimysium, perimysium, muscle fascicle, endomysium, muscle fiber

Back 5

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Front 6

Define aponeurosis

Back 6

A broad tendinous sheet that may serve as the origin or insertion of a skeletal muscle

Front 7

What are the two ways muscle is attached to bone?

Back 7

Tendon (as in leg muscles)
Aponeurosis (on the skull)

Front 8

Define sarcolemma

Back 8

The cell membrane of a skeletal muscle cell

Front 9

Study the anatomy of a skeletal muscle cell (slide 8 ch7)

Back 9

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Front 10

Study slide 12 ch 7 (thick and thin filaments)

Back 10

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Front 11

Draw a thin filament in its relaxed state (slide 16 ch7)

Back 11

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Front 12

Draw a neuromuscular junction (slide19 ch7)

Back 12

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Front 13

Study slide 20 ch7

Back 13

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Front 14

What are the 3 pathways generating ATP during muscle contraction?

Back 14

Direct phosphorylation, anarobic mechanism, aerobic mechanism

Front 15

Describe Direct phosphorylation

Back 15

1. supplies about 10 seconds worth of energy and is used for short bursts of exercise such as sprints.
2. Doesn't require oxygen to create ATP.
3. It first uses up any ATP stored in the muscle (about 2-3 seconds worth) and then it uses creatine phosphate (CP) to resynthesize ATP until the CP runs out (another 6-8 seconds).
4. After the ATP and CP are used the body will move on to either aerobic or anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis) to continue to create ATP to fuel exercise.

Front 16

Describe Anaerobic mechanism (glycolysis)

Back 16

1. creates ATP exclusively from carbohydrates, with lactic acid being a by-product.
2. provides energy by the (partial) breakdown of glucose without the need for oxygen.
3. produces energy for short, high-intensity bursts of activity lasting no more than several minutes

Front 17

Describe Aerobic mechanism

Back 17

1. fuels most of the energy needed for long duration
2. uses oxygen to convert nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and protein) to ATP.
3. a bit slower than the anaerobic systems because it relies on the circulatory system to transport oxygen to the working muscles before it creates ATP.
4. Aerobic metabolism is used primarily during endurance exercise

Front 18

What are slow twitch muscle fibers?

Back 18

1. more efficient at using oxygen to generate more ATP for continuous, extended muscle contractions over a long time.
2. They fire more slowly than fast twitch fibers and can go for a long time before they fatigue.

Front 19

What are fast twitch muscle fibers?

Back 19

1. use anaerobic metabolism to create fuel, they are much better at generating short bursts of strength or speed than slow muscles. However, they fatigue more quickly.
2. Fast twitch fibers generally produce the same amount of force per contraction as slow muscles, but they get their name because they are able to fire more rapidly.

Front 20

What are the three things that classify skeletal muscle?

Back 20

Origin, insertion, biarticular muscle

Front 21

What is a muscle synergist

Back 21

Muscle that assists the prime mover, stabilizes joint, and/or fixates.

Front 22

What structural classification do all three muscle types have in common?

Back 22

All contain actin and myosin used for contracting

Front 23

What structural classification do skeletal and cardiac muscles have in common?

Back 23

They have myofibrils and sarcomeres (striations)