Muscular System From Chapter 7

Front 1

Origin

Back 1

End of tendon that is attached to a bone. Origin is closer to midline than the insertion

Front 2

Insertion

Back 2

Other end of tendon attached to bone that is moved by that muscle

Front 3

Tendons

Back 3

band-like extensions of the connective tissue wrapping muscle fibers

Front 4

Aponeuroses

Back 4

thin sheet-like tendons that attach muscles to bone

Front 5

Agonists

Back 5

muscles that act directly during a movement

Front 6

Antagonists

Back 6

muscles that act in opposition of agonsists

Front 7

The shoulder muscles are...

Back 7

Serratus Anterior, Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Perctoralis Major, Deltoid, and Pectoralis Minor

Front 8

The upper arm muscles are...

Back 8

Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis, and Brachialis

Front 9

The muscles of the forearm wrist and hand are...

Back 9

Brachioradialis, Supinator, Pronator Teres & Pronator Quadratus, Flexor Carpi Radialis & Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Front 10

opposition

Back 10

the action of contraction of short muscles at the base of the thumb that allow contact with the tip of each digit

Front 11

Dorsal Interosseus Muscles

Back 11

permits abduction and adduction of the digits

Front 12

Synovial sheaths

Back 12

tendons contained in tunnels

Front 13

The major muscles of the thigh are...

Back 13

Psoas Major, Iliacus, Sartorius, Quadceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris, Adductor Group, and Gluteus Maximus (Minimus, Medius),

Front 14

The largest muscle in the body is...

Back 14

Quadriceps

Front 15

The muscles of the lower leg are...

Back 15

Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Peroneus Longus, and Peroneus Brevis

Front 16

The Soleus & Gastrocnemius shape the posterior of the calf, known as...

Back 16

Triceps Surae

Front 17

Facial muscles exist within...

Back 17

Superficial Fascia

Front 18

Muscles of the face include...

Back 18

Temporalis, Masseter, Medial Pterygoid, Lateral Pterygoid

Front 19

What are the six muscles that play a role in facial expressions?

Back 19

Obicularis oculi, Platysma, Obicularis oris, Zygomaticus, Buccinator, Epicranius

Front 20

What are thin muscles attached to the skin are called?

Back 20

Cutaneous muscles

Front 21

What are the two sets of muscles that move the eyeball called?

Back 21

Extrinsic muscles

Front 22

What muscles are responsible for the shape of the lens, pupil dialation and contraction?

Back 22

Intrinsic muscles

Front 23

The muscles of the neck are...

Back 23

Sternocleidomastoid, and Infrahyoid muscles

Front 24

What is the name of the line that descends down midline from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis?

Back 24

Linea Alba (connective tissue; no muscle, nerves, or vessels)

Front 25

The muscles of the abdomen are...

Back 25

Rectus Abdominus, External Oblique, Internal Oblique, and Transverse Abdominis

Front 26

What are the two major muscles of inpiration?

Back 26

Diaphragm and External intercostal muscles

Front 27

Laboured Breathing requires use of these muscles?

Back 27

Pectoralis Major and Trapezius

Front 28

Expiration requires these three muscles groups?

Back 28

Internal and External oblique, Transverse abdominis, and Rectus abdominis

Front 29

What are the two muscles that make up the floor of the pelvis?

Back 29

Levator Ani and Coccygeus

Front 30

Bone
or
Osseous Tissue

Back 30

connective tissue that contains specialized cells and a matrix of extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance

Front 31

Which bones are longer than they are wide?

Back 31

Long bones

Hint 31

humerus, or femur

Front 32

Which bones have roughly equal dimensions?

Back 32

Short bones

Hint 32

wrist, ankle

Front 33

Which bones are thin and broad?

Back 33

Flat Bones

Hint 33

parietal bone(skull), ribs, scapula(shoulder blades)

Front 34

Which bones have complex shapes?

Back 34

Irregular Bones

Hint 34

vertebrae

Front 35

The central shaft of a bone is called the _____.

Back 35

Diaphysis

Front 36

The central marrow cavity contains _____, a loose connective tissue.

Back 36

Bone marrow

Front 37

The expanded portions at each end of the bone are called ______, and are covered with _______.

Back 37

Epiphyses, Articular cartilage

Front 38

Bone that is solid.

Back 38

Compact Bone

Front 39

Bone that resembles a network of bony rods or struts separated by spaces.

Back 39

Spongy bone

Hint 39

Also know as Cancellous bone

Front 40

What are bone cells called?

Back 40

Osteocytes

Front 41

Small pockets found between narrow sheets of calcified matrix are called what?

Back 41

Lacunae

Front 42

Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are called _____.

Back 42

Lamellae

Front 43

Small channels that radiate through the matrix, and interconnect lacunae are called ______.

Back 43

Canaliculi

Front 44

What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?

Back 44

an Osteon

Front 45

Lamellae form rods or plates called _____.

Back 45

Trabeculae

Front 46

Mature Bone cells

Back 46

Osteocytes

Front 47

Giant cells with 50 or more nuclei, dissolve bone marrow to release minerals

Back 47

Osteoclasts

Front 48

Produce new bone through osteogenesis

Back 48

Osteoblasts

Front 49

The process of replacing other tissues with bone is called ________.

Back 49

Ossification

Front 50

_____ _____ begins when osteoblasts differentiate within embryonic or fetal fibrous connective tissue.

Back 50

Intramembranous ossification

Front 51

The place where ossification first occurs is called _______ ______.

Back 51

Ossification center

Front 52

_______ ______ is how most of the bones of the skeleton are formed through existing hyaline cartillage.

Back 52

Endochondral ossification

Front 53

Cartilage found on the epiphyses of a long bone.

Back 53

Epiphyseal cartilages

Front 54

The enlargement process in which cells of the periosteum develop into osteoblasts and produce additional bone matrix.

Back 54

Appostional growth

Front 55

What is remodeling?

Back 55

The process of replacing bone in a certain area. 18% of protein and minerals are replaced each year.

Front 56

What causes fractures?

Back 56

bone cracks or breaks if subjected to extreme loads, sudden impacts, or stresses from unusual directions.

Front 57

Inadequate Ossification is called ______.

Back 57

Osteopenia

Front 58

How many bones are there in the human body?

Back 58

206

Front 59

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

Back 59

80

Front 60

How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?

Back 60

126

Front 61

How many bones in the skull?

Back 61

22, 8 in the cranium, 14 associated with the face

Front 62

Process

Back 62

projection or bump

Front 63

Ramus

Back 63

extension of a bone that makes an angle with the rest of the structure

Front 64

Trochanter

Back 64

large rough projection

Front 65

Tuberosity

Back 65

small rough projection

Front 66

Tubercule

Back 66

small, rounded projection

Front 67

Crest

Back 67

prominent ridge

Front 68

Line

Back 68

Low ridge

Front 69

Spine

Back 69

pointed process

Front 70

Head

Back 70

expanded articular end of an epiphysis

Front 71

Neck

Back 71

Narrow connection between epiphysis and diaphysis

Front 72

Condyle

Back 72

smooth rounded articular process

Front 73

Trochlea

Back 73

smooth, grooved articular process

Front 74

Facet

Back 74

small, flat articular surface

Front 75

Fossa

Back 75

Shallow depression

Front 76

Sulcus

Back 76

Narrow Grove

Front 77

Foramen

Back 77

Rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves

Front 78

Canal

Back 78

Passageway through the substance of a bone

Front 79

Fissure

Back 79

Elongated cleft

Front 80

Sinus

Back 80

Chamber within a bone, normally filled with air

Front 81

The bones of the foot are ______, _______, and _________.

Back 81

Tarsal, Metatarsal, and Phalanges

Front 82

The bones of the lower leg are ______ and _______.

Back 82

Tibia and Fibula.

Front 83

The bones of the upper leg are _______ and ________.

Back 83

Femur and Patella.

Front 84

The pelvis is made up of the ______ ___.

Back 84

Coxal bone

Front 85

The Vertebrae is made up of ___ cervical, ____ thoracic, and ____lumbar and the _____ and ______.

Back 85

7 cervical, 12 throacic, 5 lumbar and the sacrum and coccyx.

Front 86

The C1 is also known as the _____ (makes nodding possible).

Back 86

Atlas

Front 87

The C2 is also known as the _____ and allows the head to move back and forth. This vertebrae also has a projection called the _____.

Back 87

Axis, Dens

Front 88

The cranium is divided into six bones the ______, _____, ______, _____, ______, and _______.

Back 88

Parietal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Temporal, Occipital, Frontal

Hint 88

PEST OF six

Front 89

The parietal bone interlock along the ______ suture.

Back 89

Saggital

Front 90

The parietal bone interlocks with the Frontal at the _____ suture.

Back 90

Coronal

Front 91

The occipital bone contacts the two parietal bones at the _____ suture.

Back 91

Lambdoid

Front 92

The ____ _____ connects the cranial cavity with the spinal cavity

Back 92

foramen magnum

Front 93

The two projections on the foramen magnum are the _____ _________.

Back 93

Occipital condyles

Front 94

The temporal and parietal bones intersect at the ______ suture.

Back 94

squamous

Front 95

tympanum

Back 95

eardrum

Front 96

The point of articulation with the lower jaw.

Back 96

Mandibular fossa

Front 97

The ____ ______ is a long sharp process that is attached to ligaments that connect to the hyoid bone.

Back 97

Styloid process

Hint 97

pen-shaped