Introduction:
The roles of ATP and creatine in muscle contraction
The store of ATP in muscle tissue is limited even though it is the immediate source of energy for everything we do including muscle contraction. The cellular ATP needs to be regenerated from ADP quickly in order to keep the contraction going otherwise the vertebrate muscle contraction will use up the present ATP in 1 second. Fortunately, most cell has a high rate of ATP “turnover” which means ATP can be swiftly synthesised from ADP and Pi at the same time as it is broken down. In muscle contraction, the ATP is synthesised by glycogen stored in the muscle cells or fatty acid in the liver.
Creatine and ATP react to form creatine phosphate with the help of catalyst creatine phosphokinase …show more content…
Creatinine excreted out of the body in the urine through the urinary system since it is a waste product. The excretion rate of creatinine which can be used to measure the kidney function is a relatively constant for the individual because the creatinine can only be produced by the spontaneous cyclisation of creatine. The glomerular filtration rate which can demonstrate the kidney’s ability of filter metabolites from plasma into the urine can be calculated using the Cockcroft-gault formula below: …show more content…
Experiment 3
1.the experimenter compared the data with table 1 using Excel.
Results: experiment 2:

worked example of determining sample C’s GFR using the absorbance data:

Experiment3:
Conclusion:
Overall, the data and the results experimenter obtained are fairly accurate, since the error bar is not overlapped and small. There is no data too wild to be excluded as outliners in these experiments. However, there are some inaccuracies.
The potential errors that may lead to inaccuracies:
1. In the step1&2&3 of experiment 1 and step 1 of experiment 2, when preparing the solutions,
a)even through the experimenter tried, the meniscus may not be read at perfect eye level.
b)the experimenter spilt some solution.
c)there are solutions left on the wall of test tube that did not mix.
2.in the step 4 of experiment 1 and the step 2 of experiment 2,
a)when measuring the absorbance, the experimenter washed the cuvette before filled it with another sample, there was water remaining in the cuvette.
b)the experimenter only measured each sample 3 times.
Ways can improve:
1.using more cuvettes. Therefore there is no water left in them.
2.measuring each sample 5
The roles of ATP and creatine in muscle contraction
The store of ATP in muscle tissue is limited even though it is the immediate source of energy for everything we do including muscle contraction. The cellular ATP needs to be regenerated from ADP quickly in order to keep the contraction going otherwise the vertebrate muscle contraction will use up the present ATP in 1 second. Fortunately, most cell has a high rate of ATP “turnover” which means ATP can be swiftly synthesised from ADP and Pi at the same time as it is broken down. In muscle contraction, the ATP is synthesised by glycogen stored in the muscle cells or fatty acid in the liver.
Creatine and ATP react to form creatine phosphate with the help of catalyst creatine phosphokinase …show more content…
Creatinine excreted out of the body in the urine through the urinary system since it is a waste product. The excretion rate of creatinine which can be used to measure the kidney function is a relatively constant for the individual because the creatinine can only be produced by the spontaneous cyclisation of creatine. The glomerular filtration rate which can demonstrate the kidney’s ability of filter metabolites from plasma into the urine can be calculated using the Cockcroft-gault formula below: …show more content…
Experiment 3
1.the experimenter compared the data with table 1 using Excel.
Results: experiment 2:

worked example of determining sample C’s GFR using the absorbance data:

Experiment3:
Conclusion:
Overall, the data and the results experimenter obtained are fairly accurate, since the error bar is not overlapped and small. There is no data too wild to be excluded as outliners in these experiments. However, there are some inaccuracies.
The potential errors that may lead to inaccuracies:
1. In the step1&2&3 of experiment 1 and step 1 of experiment 2, when preparing the solutions,
a)even through the experimenter tried, the meniscus may not be read at perfect eye level.
b)the experimenter spilt some solution.
c)there are solutions left on the wall of test tube that did not mix.
2.in the step 4 of experiment 1 and the step 2 of experiment 2,
a)when measuring the absorbance, the experimenter washed the cuvette before filled it with another sample, there was water remaining in the cuvette.
b)the experimenter only measured each sample 3 times.
Ways can improve:
1.using more cuvettes. Therefore there is no water left in them.
2.measuring each sample 5