Chapter 6 Milady Cosmetology State Board Review

Front 1

also known as microscopic anatomy, is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues.

Back 1

Histiology

Front 2

are the basic units of all living things

Back 2

Cells

Front 3

the cells of all living things are composed of a substance called

Back 3

Protoplasm

Front 4

the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell

Back 4

nucleus

Front 5

is the protoplasm of a cell, except for the protoplasm in the nucleus, that surrounds the nucleus; it is the watery fluid that cells need for growth, reproduction, to enter and leave the cell

Back 5

cytoplasm

Front 6

is the cell part that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.

Back 6

cell membrane

Front 7

is the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divide into two identical cells called daughter cells

Back 7

mitosis

Front 8

a chemical process that takes place in a living organisms, through which the cells are nourished and carry out their activities.

Back 8

Metabolism

Front 9

is the phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones.

Back 9

Catabolism

Front 10

is the constructive metabolism, the process of building up large molecules from smaller ones.

Back 10

Anabolism

Front 11

is the fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body.

Back 11

connective tissue

Front 12

a technical term for fat

Back 12

tissue

Front 13

is a protective covering on the body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the tissue inside the lining of the mouth, lining of the heart, digestive, and respiratory organs, and the glands.

Back 13

Epithelial tissue

Front 14

contracts and moves various parts of the body

Back 14

Muscle tissue

Front 15

carries messages to and from the brain and controls and contributes all bodily functions. is composed of special cells known as neurons.

Back 15

nerve tissue

Front 16

are structures of specialized tissues designed to perform functions in plants and animals

Back 16

organs

Front 17

forms the physical foundation of the body and is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints

Back 17

skeletal system

Front 18

is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones

Back 18

osteology

Front 19

bones of the cranium

Back 19

Occipital,Parietal, Frontal,Temporal,Ethmoid, and Sphenoid bone.

Front 20

Occipital bone

Back 20

hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above.

Front 21

bones that form the sides and top of the cranium. there are two of these.

Back 21

parietal bones

Front 22

bones that forms the forehead

Back 22

frontal bone

Front 23

bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region.

Back 23

Temporal bone

Front 24

light spongy bone between the eye socket; forms part of the nasal cavities.

Back 24

Ethmoid Bone

Front 25

bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together

Back 25

Sphenoid bone

Front 26

Bones of the face

Back 26

Nasal,Lacrimal,Zygomatic,Maxillae,and,Mandible.

Front 27

bones that form the bridge of the nose

Back 27

Nasal bone

Front 28

small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye socket).

Back 28

Lacrimal bones

Front 29

also known as malar bones or cheekbones. bones that form the prominence of the cheeks.

Back 29

Zygomatic bones

Front 30

bones of the upper jaw

Back 30

maxillae

Front 31

lower jawbone. largest and strongest bone of the face

Back 31

Mandible

Front 32

bones of the neck

Back 32

Hyoid bone,and cervical vertebrae

Front 33

u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles

Back 33

Hyoid bones

Front 34

the seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.

Back 34

cervical vertebrae

Front 35

twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax

Back 35

ribs

Front 36

also known as shoulder blade, large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder

Back 36

scapula

Front 37

also known as the breastbone. Flat bone that form the ventral(front) support of the ribs

Back 37

sternum

Front 38

also known as collarbone. bone that joins the sternum and scapula.

Back 38

clavicle

Front 39

uppermost and largest bones in the arm, extending from the elbow from the elbow to the shoulder.

Back 39

Humerus

Front 40

inner and larger bone in the forearm (lower arm),
attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger

Back 40

ulna

Front 41

also known as the wrist, flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.

Back 41

carpus

Front 42

also known as digits, bones of the fingers and toes

Back 42

Phalanges

Front 43

heavy long bone that forms the leg above the knee

Back 43

Femur

Front 44

larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.

Back 44

Tibia

Front 45

smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.

Back 45

fibula

Front 46

also known as accessory bone or kneecap. forms the kneecap joint

Back 46

patella

Front 47

also known as ankle bone. third bone of the ankle joint.

Back 47

Talus

Front 48

there are seven of these bones talus, calcaneus(heel), navicular,three cuneiform bones, and the cuboid.

Back 48

Tarsal

Front 49

long and slender bones, similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand. there are five of these bones

Back 49

metatarsal

Front 50

study of the nature, structure,function, and diseases of the muscles.

Back 50

Myology

Front 51

also known as skeletal muscles. muscles that are attached to the bones and are voluntary or are consciously controlled.

Back 51

striated muscles

Front 52

also known as smooth muscles. muscles that are involuntary and functional automatically, without conscious will.

Back 52

non striated muscles

Front 53

involuntary muscle that is the heart.

Back 53

cardiac muscle

Front 54

the part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton

Back 54

origin

Front 55

the middle part of the muscle

Back 55

belly

Front 56

the part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton

Back 56

insertion

Front 57

also know as occipitofrontalis. broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consist of the oddipitalis and frontalis

Back 57

Epicranius

Front 58

back (posterior) portion of the epicranius; the muscle that draws the scalp backward

Back 58

occipitalis

Front 59

muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head

Back 59

sternocleidomastoideus

Front 60

broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip.

Back 60

platysma muscle

Front 61

ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes.

Back 61

orbicularis oculi muscle

Front 62

muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscle that draws the eyebrow down and winkles the forehead vertically

Back 62

corregator muscle

Front 63

muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm

Back 63

trapezius

Front 64

muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow

Back 64

bicep

Front 65

large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

Back 65

deltoid

Front 66

large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.

Back 66

tricep

Front 67

muscle that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

Back 67

exentors

Front 68

extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist

Back 68

flexor

Front 69

muscle that turns the hand inward so that the palms face downward

Back 69

pronator

Front 70

muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the mid-line of the body or of an extremity. in the hand, they separate the fingers.

Back 70

abductors

Front 71

is an exceptionally well-organized body system, composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, that is responsible for controlling and coordinating all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.

Back 71

nervous system

Front 72

consist of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves,and cranial nerves. it controls controls consciousness and many mental activities, voluntary functions of the five senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, and tasting)

Back 72

central nervous system (CNS)

Front 73

is a system of nerves that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system; it has both sensory and motor nerves

Back 73

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Front 74

is the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; it regulates the action of the smooth muscle.

Back 74

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Front 75

is the part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium.

Back 75

brain

Front 76

also know as nerve cell, is the primary structural unit of the nervous system, consisting of all the cell body ,nucleus, dendrites, and the axon.

Back 76

neuron

Front 77

is an automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse .

Back 77

reflex

Front 78

the largest of the cranial nerves is the______________________. it is the chief sensory nerve of the face and serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing. it consist of three branches: Ophthalmic nerve, Mandibular nerve, and maxillary nerve.

Back 78

fifth cranial nerve

Front 79

supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.

Back 79

ophthalmic Nerve

Front 80

Affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and external ear.

Back 80

Mandibular Nerve

Front 81

supplies impulses to the upper part of the face.

Back 81

Maxillary Nerve

Front 82

also known as Facial Nerve, is the chief motor nerve of the face.

Back 82

Seventh Cranial Nerve

Front 83

also know as anterior tibial nerve. extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscles.

Back 83

Deep peroneal nerve

Front 84

also known as musculocutaneous nerve. extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles and the skin of the leg, as well as to the skin and toes on the top pf the foot, where it becomes the dorsal nerve

Back 84

superficial peroneal nerve

Front 85

also know as dorsal cutaneous nerve, the nerve extends up from the toes and foot, , just under the skin, supplying impulses to the toes and foot, as well as the muscle and skin of the leg

Back 85

dorsal nerve

Front 86

supplies impulses to the skin of the inner side of the leg and foot. the ______________ ___________ begins in the thigh.

Back 86

Saphenous nerve

Front 87

supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg

Back 87

Sural nerve

Front 88

is an upper, thin-walled chamber through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. there is a right ________and a left__________

Back 88

Atrium

Front 89

is a lower, thick-walled chamber that receives blood from the atrium. there is a right, and a left __________.

Back 89

ventricle

Front 90

send the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified, then to the heart again

Back 90

pulmonary circulation

Front 91

also known as general circulation. carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart

Back 91

Systemic Circulation

Front 92

also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system, controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

Back 92

circulatory system

Front 93

is a muscular, cone shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.

Back 93

heart

Front 94

a valve between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart, into the right ventricle

Back 94

tricuspid valve

Front 95

also known as the bicuspid valve, the between the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, into the left ventricle

Back 95

mitral valve

Front 96

are tube-like structures that include the arteries,arterioles, venules, and veins. the function of these vessels is to transport blood to and from the heart and then to various tissues of the body.

Back 96

blood vessels

Front 97

thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles.

Back 97

Arteries

Front 98

small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

Back 98

arterioles

Front 99

tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venules

Back 99

Capillaries

Front 100

small vessels that connect the capillaries to the viens

Back 100

Venules

Front 101

thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries.

Back 101

vieins

Front 102

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs.

Back 102

red blood cells

Front 103

a complex iron protein that binds to oxygen. it gives blood color.

Back 103

hemoglobin

Front 104

are the main arteries that supply blood to the head, face,and neck. they are located on both sides of the neck, and each artery is divided into an internal and external branch.

Back 104

common carotid arteries

Front 105

supplies blood to the brain , eyes, eyelids, foreheads, nose , and internal ear.

Back 105

internal carotid artery

Front 106

supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead.

Back 106

supraorbital artery

Front 107

supplies blood to the muscle of the eye.

Back 107

infraorbital artery

Front 108

supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.

Back 108

facial artery

Front 109

supplies blood to the chin and lower lip

Back 109

submental artery

Front 110

supplies blood to the lower lip

Back 110

inferior labial artery

Front 111

supplies blood to the side of the nose

Back 111

angular artery

Front 112

supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose

Back 112

superior labial artery

Front 113

supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids

Back 113

frontal artery

Front 114

supplies blood the side and crown of the head

Back 114

parietal artery

Front 115

supplies blood to the skin and masseter muscle

Back 115

transverse facial artery

Front 116

supplies blood to the temples

Back 116

middle temporal artery

Front 117

supplies blood to the front part of the ear

Back 117

anterior auricular artery

Front 118

supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown

Back 118

Occipital artery

Front 119

supplies blood to the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand

Back 119

ulnar artery

Front 120

supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand

Back 120

radial artery

Front 121

is a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.

Back 121

endocrine system

Front 122

also known as ductless glands , such as the thyroid and pituitary glands, release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream

Back 122

endocrine glans

Front 123

also known as duct glands, such as sweat and oil glands of the skin, produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts

Back 123

Exocrine glands

Front 124

are secretions, such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen.

Back 124

Hormones

Front 125

plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism.

Back 125

Pineal glands

Front 126

most complex organ of the endocrine system.

Back 126

pituitary glands

Front 127

controls how quickly the body burns energy (metabolism), makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones .

Back 127

thyroid gland

Front 128

regulates blood calcium and phosphorus levels so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.

Back 128

parathyroid glands

Front 129

secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digestive carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Back 129

Pancreas

Front 130

secretes about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-or-flight response

Back 130

Adrenal Glands

Front 131

(singular: ovary) Female sexual glands; function in reproduction, as well as determining female sexual characteristics.

Back 131

overies

Front 132

Male sexual glands; function in reproduction, as well as determining male sexual characteristics.

Back 132

testes

Front 133

are chemicals that change certain types of food into a soluble (capable of being dissolved) from that can be used by the body.

Back 133

digestive enzymes

Front 134

is a group of organs, including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs.

Back 134

excretory system

Front 135

consist of the lungs and air passages; it enables respiration.

Back 135

respiratory system

Front 136

the act the of breathing, is exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs and within each cell

Back 136

respiration

Front 137

are spongy tissues composed of microscope cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle.

Back 137

lungs

Front 138

means a natural covering

Back 138

integument

Front 139

consist the skin and its accessory organs, such as oil, sweat glands, sensory, receptors, hair, and nails.

Back 139

Integumentary System

Front 140

includes the ovaries, uterine, tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and the testes, prostate gland, penis, and urethra in the male.

Back 140

reproductive system

Front 141

or breathing in through the nose or mouth, oxygen is passed into the blood.

Back 141

inhalation

Front 142

or breathing outward, carbon dioxide (collecting from the blood) is expelled from the the lungs.

Back 142

Exhalation