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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the spore-producing gram positives?
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Bacillus and clostridium.
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What are the types of bacillus? What diseases do they cause?
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Bacillus anthracis – anthrax. Bacillus cereus – food poisoning.
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What are the ways anthrax-causing spores can be introduced into the body?
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Germination on skin abrasions, inspiration into the lungs, ingestion into the GI tract.
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Describe the progression of pulmonary anthrax?
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Spores are taken up by lung macs and transported to the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. Mediastinal hemorrhage causes mediastinal widening and pleural effusions.
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Contrast bacillus cereus with bacillus anthracis? What does it cause?
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Motile, non-encapsulated, and resistant to penicillin. Causes food poisoning when it deposits its spores in food.
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List the clinically relevant species of clostridium?
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C. botulinum, c. tetani, c. perfringens, and c. dificile.
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Describe botulism? Adult vs infant manifestations?
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Extremely lethal neurotoxin – causing flaccid muscle paralysis. In adults, you will see development of bilateral CN palsies followed by general weakness and a rapid progression to respiratory paralysis. In infants, prognosis is much better.
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Clinical symptoms of tetanus?
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Trismus (lockjaw), risus sardonicus, sustained tetanic contraction.
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Describe treatment of a patient who comes to the hospital having already developed tetanus?
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Neutralize circulating toxin with human tetanus immune globulins. Give an immunization booster. Clean the wound. Administer penicillin. Provide intensive supportive therapy.
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C, perfringens infection is aka…? List the classes of infection with C. perfringens?
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Gas gangrene. Cellulitis/wound infection. Clostridial myonecrosis.
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C dificile causes…? Clinical manifestations?
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Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (diarrhea) following the use of broad spectrum antibiotics. Characterized by severe diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever.
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How is C dificile treated?
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Neither metronidazole or vancomycin are absorbed orally into the bloodstream. Administration by mouth cause the METRO and VAN to cruise down the GI tract to kill the bacteria.
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