Chapter 3

Front 1

Which polymers are composed of amino acids?

Back 1

Proteins

Front 2

Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid?

Back 2

An oxygen

Front 3

Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?

Back 3

Carboxyl functional group

Front 4

Which monomers make up RNA?

Back 4

Nucleotides

Front 5

Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true?

Back 5

A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid.

Front 6

True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.

Back 6

True

Front 7

What name is given to the process seen in this animation?

Back 7

dehydration synthesis

Front 8

Which statement is true of polymers?

Back 8

They are always made of monomers

Front 9

The organic molecule called DNA is an example of ....

Back 9

a polymer made of nucleotides.

Front 10

Which of the following parts of an amino acid vary among different amino acids?

Back 10

the side chain, or R group

Front 11

Which class(es) of amino acids possess side chains that would be unable to form hydrogen bonds with water?

Back 11

amino acids with nonpolar side chains

Front 12

During protein synthesis, the peptide bond between amino acids is formed by the process of _____.

Back 12

condensation

Front 13

Quaternary structure

Back 13

The result of 2 or more proteins subunits assembling to form a larger, biologically active protein complex.

Front 14

Tertiary structure

Back 14

Achieved when a proteins fads into a compact, three-dimensional shape stabilized by interactions between side-chain R groups of amino acids

Front 15

Secondary structure

Back 15

Descries the alpha-helices and beta-sheets that are formed by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms located near each other in a polypeptide chain.

Front 16

Primary structure

Back 16

The sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Front 17

The alpha-helix is a component of __________ protein structure.

Back 17

secondary

Front 18

The secondary structure of proteins results because of _____ bonding between atoms in the protein's backbone.

Back 18

hydrogen

Front 19

Which of the following statements about protein primary structure is true?

Back 19

Primary structure is produced by the unique sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Front 20

What causes mad cow disease and other such spongiform encephalopathies?

Back 20

misfolded proteins known as prions

Front 21

This animation illustrates the functioning of a _____ protein.

Back 21

transport

The protein is transporting a substance across the cell membrane

Front 22

Arrow A is indicating a(n) _____ protein.

Back 22

structural

Front 23

Arrow D is indicating a _____ protein.

Back 23

receptor

Front 24

Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein?

Back 24

ovalbumin

Ovalbumin is a storage protein

Front 25

Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.

Back 25

Immune

The immune system is involved in protecting the body against invasion by foreign objects.

Front 26

Most protein enzymes catalyze only one specific chemical reaction effectively. What feature of protein structure is most directly responsible for this specificity?

Back 26

The specific geometry and types of amino acids in the active site

Front 27

Proteins help cells with which task(s)?

Back 27

catalysis

transport

signaling

all of the above

Front 28

What two functional groups are present on every amino acid?

Back 28

an amino group and a carboxyl group

Front 29

Nonpolar amino acid residues are typically found in the interior of globular proteins like trypsin. Which chemical force is most directly responsible?

Back 29

Hydrophobic interactions