Chapter 29 Study Guide Questions

Front 1

What economic advantages did Britain enjoy in the 18th century?

(3)

Back 1

Abundant and accessible coal deposits,

Access to water transportation,

Sources of capital for investment.

Front 2

Cotton cloth was valued by European consumers in the 18th century because it:

Back 2

was comfortable and convenient.

Front 3

Improvements in transportation, such as railroads and steamships,

(4)

Back 3

Lowered transportation costs,

Linked industrial centers with overseas resources,

Facilitated the movement of people as well as goods,

Facilitated delivery of manufactured products to consumers.

Front 4

What were some significant labor-saving inventions in the production of cotton cloth?

(4)

Back 4

The flying shuttle,

The steam-driven spinning mule,

The power loom,

The cotton gin.

Front 5

From the perspective of the worker, the factory system meant:

Back 5

harsh discipline and close supervision.

Front 6

From the perspective of the consumer, the factory system meant:

Back 6

cheaper manufactured goods.

Front 7

Rural laborers new tot he factory had difficulty adjusting to the:

Back 7

rigid timetables of industrial work.

Front 8

The Luddites were threatened by industrialization of what industry in particular?

Back 8

Textiles

Front 9

The British maintained their head start in industrialization:

Back 9

by forbidding the export of machinery and expertise.

Front 10

Which government gave the most workers' rights, pensions, and social security than other industrializing nations of the late 19th century?

Back 10

Germany

Front 11

One advantage of the industrial corporation over the joint-stock company was the:

Back 11

limited liability for investors.

Front 12

What are some examples of vertical organization?

(3)

Back 12

Standard Oil's control of all phases of petroleum production and distribution,

The Krupp firm's integration of mines, steel mills, and munitions plants,

US Steel's control of mines, steel mills, and railroad manufacture.

Front 13

The population of the industrial world grew dramatically in the 19th century, in part because:

Back 13

improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets.

Front 14

By 1900, birthrates had sharply declined in most industrialized countries because:

(4)

Back 14

Raising children was more expensive in an industrial society than in an agricultural one,

Declining infant mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to survive,

Improved health and nutrition improved overall death rates,

Married couples actively practiced birth control.

Front 15

What was typical inducement for Europeans to emigrate abroad in the 19th century?

Back 15

Famine in Ireland,

Difficult political, social, and economic circumstances in Europe generally,

Anti-Semitism in Russia,

Economic opportunities in the United States.

Front 16

Middle-class family life in the new industrial society was characterized by:

Back 16

gender division of labor and space.

Front 17

In Britain, one outcome of the laws against child labor in the late 19th century was that:

Back 17

all children were required to attend public school.

Front 18

In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that:

Back 18

only a communist revolution would overcome the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society.

Front 19

In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform, most governments:

(4)

Back 19

treated unions as illegal organizations,

Supported business and prosecuted strikers,

Passed laws restricting child labor,

Extended the vote to the working class.

Front 20

Social reforms enacted by Germany in the late 19th century included:

(4)

Back 20

Retirement pensions,

Minimum wage,

Unemployment insurance,

Medial insurance.