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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Which of the following is regulated by the kidneys?
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a water content of the blood
b blood pH level c blood ion concentration d all of the above |
d all of the above
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The medial surface of each kidney has a notch called the:
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a medulla
b cortex c hilum d pelvis |
c hilum
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At the beginning of the "plumbing system" of the urinary system, urine leaving renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures called:
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a renal columns
b renal pyramids c calyces d ureters |
c calyces
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The function unit of the kidney is the :
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a renal corpuscle
b nephron c juxtaglomerular apparatus d Bowman's Capsule |
b nephron
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Which of the following is structures secretes renin when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole drops?
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a glomerulus
b Bowman's capsule c afferent arteriole d both a and b |
d both a and b
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Which of the following structures secretes renin when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole drops?
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a renal tubule
b proximal convoluted tubule c juxtaglomerular apparatus d both a and b |
c juxtaglomerular apparatus
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Substances pass from the glomerulus and into the Bowman's capsule by:
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a diffusion
b active transport c filtration d osmosis |
c filtration
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The juxtaglomerular cells reside in the:
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a afferent arteriole
b efferent arteriole c proximal convoluted tubule d distal convoluted tubule |
a afferent arteriole
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The left kidney is often slightly larger and positioned slightly lower than the right kidney
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false
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Blood is brought to the kidney by the renal vein
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false
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Micturition and urination are synonymous terms.
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true
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The glomerulus is one of the most important capillary networks for survival.
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true
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Once urine enters the renal pelvis, it then travels to the renal calyces.
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false
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As the basic function unit of the kidney, the nephron's function is blood processing and urine formation.
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true
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The kidneys are covered with visceral peritoneum.
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false
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Which of the following is not one of the processes of urine formation?
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a filtration
b diffusion c reabsorption d secretion |
b diffusion
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The movement of water and solutes from the plasma in the glomerulus, across the glomerular-capsule membrane, and into the capsular space of Bowman's capsule, is termed?
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a filtration
b diffusion c reabsorption d secretion |
a filtration
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The movement of molecules out of the peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion is:
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a filtration
b diffusion c reabsorption d secretion |
d secretion
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Under normal conditions, most water, electrolytes, and nutrients are reabsorbed in the :
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a proximal and convoluted tubule
b distal convoluted tubule c Henle Loop d collecting duct |
a proximal convoluted tubule
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Which of the following is considered a countercurrent structure?
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a glomerulus
b proximal convoluted tubule c Henle Loop d distal convoluted tubule |
c Henle loop
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Water loss from the blood is reduced by:
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a ADH
b atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) c aldosterone d both a and c |
d both a and c
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Dysuria is a term describing:
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a blood in the urine
b pus in the urine c painful urination d absence of urine |
c painful urination
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All of the following are normal contents of urine except
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a nitrogenous wastes
b hormones c pigments d plasma proteins |
d plasma proteins
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Which of the following is not symptomatic of diabetes mellitus?
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a copious urination
b glycosuria c anuria d diuresis |
c anuria
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Kidney failure means homeostatic failure, and if not relieved, inevitable death
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true
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Postexercise proteinuria is considered serious and often indicative of kidney disease.
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false
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fluid exiting the Henle loop becomes less concentrated with Na+ and Cl- ions
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true
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A hydrostatic pressure gradient drives the filtration out of the plasma and into the nephron
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true
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The efferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the afferent arteriole
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false
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Stress causes an increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
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true
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In the renal tubule, Na+ is reabsorbed via active transport
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true
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Glomerular filtration separates only harmful substances from the blood
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false
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Urine consists of approximately 75% water
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false
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Urine has a pH of 4.6 to 8.0 and is generally alkaline
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false
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More than 99% of filtrates must be reabsorbed from the tubular segments of the nephron
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true
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Urine backs up into the kidneys causing swelling of the renal pelvis and calyces
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hydronephrosis
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Kidney stones
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renal calculi
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Final stage of chronic renal failure
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uremia
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Involuntary retention of urine with subsequent distention of the bladder
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neurogenic bladder
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Inflammation of the bladder
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cystitis
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Inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective tissues of the kidney
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pyelonephritis
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An abrupt reduction in kidney function characterized by oliguria and a sharp rise in nitrogenous compounds in the blood
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acute renal failure
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Progressive condition resulting from gradual loss of nephrons
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chronic renal failure
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Intense kidney pain caused by destruction of the ureters by large kidney stones
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renal colic
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Most common form of kidney disease caused by a delayed immune response to streptococcal infection
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acute glomerulonephritis
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Albumin in the urine
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proteinuria
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Inflammation of the urethra that commonly results from bacterial infection
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urethritis
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Capillary network in renal corpuscles
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glomerulus
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Movement of molecules back into the blood
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reabsorption
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Tube from kidney to bladder
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ureter
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Mouth of nephron
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bowman's capsule
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Outer region of kidney
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renal cortex
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Inner region of kidney
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renal medulla
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Opening from bladder to exterior
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ureter
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Osmotic concentration of a solution
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osmalality
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Function unit of a kidney
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nephron
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Amount of substance removed from blood by kidneys per minute
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clearance
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Failure of the kidneys to remove wastes from the blood will result in which of the following?
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a retention
b anuria c incontinence d uremia |
a uremia
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Hydrogen ions are transferred from blood into the urine during which of the following processes
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a secretion
b filtration c reabsorption d all of the above |
a secretion
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Which of the following conditions would be considered normal in an infant under 2 years of age?
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a retention
b cystitis c incontinence d anuria |
c incontinence
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Which of the following steps involved in urine formation allows the blood to retain most body nutrients?
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a secretion
b filtration c reabsorption d all of the above |
c reabsorption
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Voluntary control of micturition is achieved by the action of which of the following?
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a internal urethral sphincter
b external urethral sphincter c trigone d bladder muscles |
b external urethral sphincter
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What is the structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder called?
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a urethra
b Bowman's capsule c ureter d renal pelvis |
c ureter
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What are the capillary loops contained within Bowman's capsule called?
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a convoluted tubules
b glomeruli c limbs of Henle d collecting ducts |
b glomeruli
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The triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidneys are known as:
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a pyramids
b papillae c calyces d nephrons |
a pyramids
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The trigone is located in the:
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a kidney
b bladder c ureter d urethra |
b bladder
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Which of the following processes is used by the artificial kidney to remove waste materials from the blood?
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a pinocytosis
b dialysis c catheterization d active transport |
b dialysis
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Involuntary voiding
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incontinence
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Passes through prostate gland
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urethra
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Absence of urine
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anuria
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Urination
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micturition
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Blood in the urine
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hematuria
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Inflammation of the kidney
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nephritis
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Large amount of protein in urine
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proteinuria
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large amount of urine
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polyuria
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Folds that line the bladder
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rugae
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Scanty amount of urine
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oliguria
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Test for renal dysfunction
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BUN
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