Anatomy Assessment Claim The kidneys are located just below the rib cage and filter blood. “Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid.” The three major renal processes are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Glomerular filtration produces a filtrate that is cell and protein free. This occurs in the renal corpuscle. Next, is tubular secretion. Taking place in the renal tubules and collecting ducts, substances from the filtrate are moved back into the blood such as water, glucose, amino acids and salts. After tubular reabsorption is tubular secretion where substances are selectively moved from the blood into the
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This as a result can lead to kidney disease. Studies where salt intake has been reduced show a decline in the rate of progression of kidney disease. “A reduction in salt intake reduces blood pressure, stroke and other cardiovascular events, including chronic kidney disease, by as much as 23% (i.e. 1.25 million deaths worldwide).” A study conducted in 2008 analyzed the effects of salt intake on CCR rates in individuals with Type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Sixty DKD patients were observed over one year. Creatinine Clearance Rate (CCR) values were 21.0 ± 11.8 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at the start of the study, and 15.7 ± 10.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at the end of one year. “The multivariable linear regression analysis indicated salt intake (standardized coefficient: -0.34, P = 0.010) and urinary protein excretion (standardized coefficient: -0.33, P = 0.011) to be factors independently affecting the annual CCR …show more content…
They are a hard mass formed in the kidneys which typically consist of insoluble calcium compounds. “A high sodium intake increases the risk of stone formation by increasing calcium levels and decreasing citrate (a stone inhibitor) levels in urine.” A five-year study with patients who had high rates of kidney stones were kept on a low sodium of 1200 mg a day low animal protein intake diet provided support that a low sodium, low protein, and normal calcium diet was more effective in reducing stone prevalence compared to a low calcium diet. The experimental diet led to lower levels of calcium and oxalate in the urine as compared to a low calcium
This as a result can lead to kidney disease. Studies where salt intake has been reduced show a decline in the rate of progression of kidney disease. “A reduction in salt intake reduces blood pressure, stroke and other cardiovascular events, including chronic kidney disease, by as much as 23% (i.e. 1.25 million deaths worldwide).” A study conducted in 2008 analyzed the effects of salt intake on CCR rates in individuals with Type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Sixty DKD patients were observed over one year. Creatinine Clearance Rate (CCR) values were 21.0 ± 11.8 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at the start of the study, and 15.7 ± 10.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at the end of one year. “The multivariable linear regression analysis indicated salt intake (standardized coefficient: -0.34, P = 0.010) and urinary protein excretion (standardized coefficient: -0.33, P = 0.011) to be factors independently affecting the annual CCR …show more content…
They are a hard mass formed in the kidneys which typically consist of insoluble calcium compounds. “A high sodium intake increases the risk of stone formation by increasing calcium levels and decreasing citrate (a stone inhibitor) levels in urine.” A five-year study with patients who had high rates of kidney stones were kept on a low sodium of 1200 mg a day low animal protein intake diet provided support that a low sodium, low protein, and normal calcium diet was more effective in reducing stone prevalence compared to a low calcium diet. The experimental diet led to lower levels of calcium and oxalate in the urine as compared to a low calcium