Chapter 23 - The Reconstruction Era

Front 1

Reconstruction

Back 1

The period of time after the Civil War in which southern states were rebuilt and brought back into the Union.

Front 2

Thirteenth Amendment

Back 2

A change to the Constitution ratified in 1865 abolishing slavery in the United States.

Front 3

Freedmen's Bureau

Back 3

An agency established by Congress at the end of the Civil War to help and protect newly freed black Americans.

Front 4

black codes

Back 4

Laws passed in 1855 and 1856 in the former Confederate states to limit the rights and freedoms of African Americans.

Front 5

civil rights

Back 5

The rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all people as citizens especially equal treatment under the law.

Front 6

Fourteenth Amendment

Back 6

A change to the Constitution ratified in 1868 granting citizenship to anyone born int he US and guaranteeing all citizens equal protection of law.

Front 7

Fifteenth Amendment

Back 7

A change to the Constitution ratified in 1870 declaring that states cannot deny anyone the right to vote because of race or color or because the person was once a slave.

Front 8

Jim Crow Laws

Back 8

Laws enforcing segregation of blacks and whites in the South after the Civil War.

Front 9

What did Americans long for by the end of the Civil War?

Back 9

Peace

Front 10

How did President Abraham Lincoln want the South to be treated?

Back 10

With kindness and justice.

Front 11

Who became president when Lincoln was killed?

Back 11

Andrew Johnson

Front 12

What did Reconstruction mean to President Johnson?

Back 12

The southern states had to create new governments loyal to the Union and had to abolish slavery.

Front 13

What did a former Confederate state have to do in order to rejoin the Union?

Back 13

Write a new state constitution, elect a new state government, repeal its act of secession, and cancel its war debts.

Front 14

Additionally, what did every southern state have to ratify?

Back 14

The 13th Amendment

Front 15

What did the 13th Amendment do?

Back 15

Abolished slavery in the US

Front 16

What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Back 16

It was created to assist former slaves.

Front 17

How would the Freedmen's Bureau assist former slaves?

Back 17

It would arrange for wages and good working conditions as well as ensure education.

Front 18

Why were Black Codes put into effect?

Back 18

To control former slaves.

Front 19

What did the Black Codes do?

Back 19

Limited the rights of freedmen, help planters find replacements for their slaves, and keep freedmen at the bottom of the social order in the South.

Front 20

What did the 14th Amendment do?

Back 20

The 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born in the US.

Front 21

How did President Johnson feel about the 14th Amendment?

Back 21

He was opposed to it.

Front 22

What did Military Reconstruction do?

Back 22

It divided the South into 5 military districts.

Front 23

What was the structure of the government in these military districts?

Back 23

These districts would form legal state governments made up of Southerners loyal to the US.

Front 24

What group of people made up the South's largest group of new voters?

Back 24

African Americans

Front 25

What party did most of these African Americans join?

Back 25

The Republican Party

Front 26

What did the 15th amendment guarantee?

Back 26

Every male citizen was guaranteed the right to vote.

Front 27

How did most whites in the South feel about the Southern Reconstruction Governments?

Back 27

They resented them. They didn't like seeing former slaves voting or holding public office.

Front 28

What was done to help white democrats regain power?

Back 28

Secret societies were formed.

Front 29

What is an example of one of these secret societies?

Back 29

The Ku Klux Klan

Front 30

What did Congress do to help combat violence against African Americans?

Back 30

Congress passed the Enforcement Acts which made it illegal to prevent another person from voting.

Front 31

What was the effect of a poll tax being implemented?

Back 31

Voting became a luxury that many blacks could not afford.

Front 32

What were the acts called that reversed the outlawing of segregation by drawing a color line between blacks and whites?

Back 32

Jim Crow Laws

Front 33

What was the finding in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896?

Back 33

The Supreme Court decided that segregation laws did not violate the 14th amendment as long as facilities available to both races were roughly equal.

Front 34

How did many African Americans respond to segregation?

Back 34

Many left the South.

Front 35

What were they pulled by?

Back 35

The lure of better opportunities and more equal treatment.

Front 36

Most African Americans remained in the South. What did they do to make the best of their situation?

Back 36

They worked hard in their families, churches, and to build communities.