Chapter 14 Social Psychology

Front 1

Social Psychology

Back 1

The scientific study of how we think about, influence and related to one another.

Front 2

Attribution Theory

Back 2

The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or their person's dispositions.

Front 3

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 3

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation an to overestimate the impact of personal dispostition.

Front 4

Attitude

Back 4

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular way to objects, people, and events.

Front 5

Peripheral Route Persuasion

Back 5

Occurs when people influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.

Front 6

Central Route Persuassion

Back 6

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and responds with favorable thoughts.

Front 7

Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon

Back 7

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Front 8

Role

Back 8

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Front 9

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Back 9

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent,

Front 10

When people act in a way that in not in keeping with their attitudes, and then change their attitudes to match those actions,________ ________ theory attempts to explain why.

Back 10

Cognitive Dissonance

Front 11

How do our attitudes and our actions affect each other?

Back 11

Our attitudes often do influence our actions as we behavior in ways consistent with our beliefs. However, our attitudes also follow our actions; come to believe in what we have done.

Front 12

Conformity

Back 12

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Front 13

Normative Social Influence

Back 13

Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Front 14

Informational Social Influence

Back 14

Influence resulting from one;s willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.

Front 15

Psychology's most famous obedience experiments, in which most participants obeyed an authority figure's demands to inflect presumed life-threatening shocks on an innocent other, were conducted by social psychologist___________ ____________.

Back 15

Stanley Milgram

Front 16

Social Facilitation

Back 16

Stronger responses on simple or well-learned task in the presence of others.

Front 17

Social Loafing

Back 17

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining common goal than when individually accountable.

Front 18

Deindividuation

Back 18

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

Front 19

Group Polarization

Back 19

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.

Front 20

Groupthink

Back 20

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Front 21

People tend to exert less effort when working with a group that they would alone, which is called ______ ______.

Back 21

Social Loafing

Front 22

You are organizing a meeting of fiercely competitive political candidates. To add to the fun, friends have suggested handing out masks of the candidates' faces for supporters to wear. What phenomenon might these masks engage?

Back 22

Deindividuation

Front 23

When like-minded group discuss a topic, and the result is the strengthening of the prevailing opinion, this is called __________ __________.

Back 23

Group Polarization

Front 24

When a group's desire for harmony overrides it realistic analysis of other opinions,________ has occurred.

Back 24

Groupthink

Front 25

Prejudice

Back 25

An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and it member.

Front 26

Stereotype

Back 26

A generalized belief about a group of people.

Front 27

Discrimintaion

Back 27

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

Front 28

Just-World Phenomenon

Back 28

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Front 29

Ingroup

Back 29

"Us"-people with whom we share a common identity

Front 30

Outgroup

Back 30

"Them"-those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.

Front 31

Ingroup Bias

Back 31

The tendency to favor our own group.

Front 32

Scapegoat Theory

Back 32

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

Front 33

Other-Race Effect

Back 33

The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races.

Front 34

Aggression

Back 34

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt a destroy.

Front 35

Frustration-Aggression Principle

Back 35

The principle that frustration-the blocking of attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression.

Front 36

Social Script

Back 36

Culturally modeled guide for how act in various situations.

Front 37

Mere Exposure Effect

Back 37

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking them.

Front 38

People tend to marry someone who lives or work nearby. This and example of _______ __________ ___________ in action.

Back 38

Mere Exposure Effect

Front 39

Companionate Love

Back 39

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

Front 40

Equity

Back 40

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.

Front 41

Self-Disclosure

Back 41

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

Front 42

Two vital components for maintaining companionate love are __________ &_____-________.

Back 42

Equity, and Self-Disclosure

Front 43

Bystander Effect

Back 43

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

Front 44

Social Exchange Theory

Back 44

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize cost.

Front 45

Reciprocity Norm

Back 45

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Front 46

Social-Responsibility Norm

Back 46

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.

Front 47

Conflict

Back 47

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

Front 48

Social Trap

Back 48

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Front 49

Mirror-Image Perceptions

Back 49

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

Front 50

Superordinate Goal

Back 50

Shared goals that override difference among people and require their cooperation