Chapter 1-3 Test

Front 1

Best captures the spirit of most individuals who study human development with regard to the nature/nurture question?

Back 1

Which human behaviors are determined genetically, and which are determined by environmental factors?

Front 2

Experiential, Environmental, Nurture, Hereditary: Which term does not belong in this group?

Back 2

Hereditary

Front 3

The notion that development is best described in terms of a series of abrupt shifts in behavior best fits with the ______ approach.

Back 3

discontinuity

Front 4

When Kayla says "It doesn't matter if they are French, Swedish or Chinese, kids are kids", she is espousing what position concerning human development?

Back 4

universal

Front 5

Lotte is listening to a lecture in which her professor states, "Genetic and cultural factors are important, but they alone cannot explain the development of human beings." Lotte's professor seems to be supporting

Back 5

the biopsychosocial framework

Front 6

If you were going to study only psychological influences of human development, you would not research

Back 6

the effects of television on development

Front 7

Daisy and Rose are identical twins who were separated at birth. Daisy was raised in the United states, whereas Rose spent her childhood in Austria. Which force would likely explain most of the differences between their behaviors as teens?

Back 7

Sociocultural

Front 8

Which is a problem encountered by researchers assessing the effects of sociocultural forces?

Back 8

changing ethnic labels

Front 9

Which best describes the relationship between biological, psychological and sociocultural forces in human development

Back 9

interactive

Front 10

An organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development

Back 10

Theory

Front 11

The epigenetic principle is a key component of what theory

Back 11

Psychosocial

Front 12

The fact that hope is important in early childhood, that development of identity is most important in adolescence, and that wisdom is most important in late life is an example of

Back 12

the epigenetic principle

Front 13

How would Erik Erikson respond to the statement "A midlife crisis is a normal part of the human life cycle"

Back 13

He would disagree and point out that there is no "normal" progression" of human development

Front 14

Lynne always wants to go visit her grandparents because when she visits they give her a new toy. The grandparents have _____ her visiting behavior

Back 14

reinforced

Front 15

In operant conditioning theory, reinforcement is to punishment as

Back 15

increasing is to decreasing

Front 16

When describing the development of his son Pitt, Brad says, "The best way to describe it is in terms of a slow computer with a small memory getting faster processor and more storage space." This type of description would suggest that Brad adheres to a(n) ______ approach to development

Back 16

information-processing

Front 17

When Tina was given a huge salary increase, she was able to get things for her children that they had always needed and move into a nicer home. Bronfenbrenner would state that this increase in the mother's salary is an example of the impact of the children's

Back 17

exosystem

Front 18

Multidirectionality, plasticity, historical context, and multiple causation are all key features of the ____ perspective

Back 18

life-span

Front 19

The selective optimization with compensation model is primarily associated with the _______ perspective

Back 19

life-span

Front 20

Dana studies how individuals' life goals change as people get older and how individuals maintain and enhance these goals. Dana is most likely a proponent of the ___ model.

Back 20

epigenetic

Front 21

Dr. Lund stages a fire drill at the elementary school in order to study how children respond to potential emergency situation. Dr. Lund's method would best be described as a(n)

Back 21

structured observation

Front 22

Virtually all studies done in psychology rely on studying people representative of a larger group. The groups of people who participate in these studies are most commonly known as

Back 22

samples

Front 23

A publishing company does a study to determine whether using a study guide for a textbook improves performance on psychology exams. In this study, grades on the psychology exams would constitute the ______ variable.

Back 23

dependent

Front 24

Researchers studying of life satisfaction compared measures of life satisfaction over a 17-year period of time. This is an example of the use of a(n) _______ research design

Back 24

longitudinal

Front 25

Kelly is doing research on the effect of birth order on personality. Rather than collecting data on a new set of subjects, she is analyzing hundred of studies that have already been done on this topic and is going to attempt to come up with an overall estimate of what all these other studies have found. What sort of study is Kelly doing?

Back 25

Meta-analysis

Front 26

NOT consistent with ethical research

Back 26

never tell subjects if they've been deceived

Front 27

Which statement best reflects the views of the text regarding research in developmental psychology?

Back 27

Research findings can be important in shaping social policy

Front 28

Researchers believe that ___ may be able to successfully treat previously incurable conditions such as paralysis and Alzheimer's disease.

Back 28

Stem cells

Front 29

You are currently experiencing severe pain in your leg and go to your physician for a checkup. During the examination, your physician says, "The pain you are experiencing appears to be due to misshapen blood cells that are blocking the flow of oxygen to your leg." This would indicate that the most accurate diagnosis of your condition could be

Back 29

sickle-cell disease

Front 30

The threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that contain genetic material are called

Back 30

chromosomes

Front 31

If you were looking through a microscope at a normal sperm cell, you should see _________ chromosomes.

Back 31

23

Front 32

The first __ pair of chromosomes are called autosomes

Back 32

22

Front 33

A sperm cell that contains a total of 22

Back 33

autosomes

Front 34

What combination would result in a boy

Back 34

A 23rd pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y

Front 35

Within a typical human cell, which number is the greatest?

Back 35

The number of genes

Front 36

Which process can be explained by alleles?

Back 36

The fact that phenotypes produce genotypes

Front 37

Linda has one allele for curly hair and another for straight hair. Linda's alleles are

Back 37

heterozygous

Front 38

How would you create an individual who will definitely have blue eyes?

Back 38

Make sure he has a pair of homozygous chromosomes for blue eyes

Front 39

Following a prenatal exam, your physician remarks, "It appears as if your fetus has 47 chromosomes," What would be the most likely response to this information?

Back 39

Concern, as this may indicate that your child has Down syndrome

Front 40

Trisomy 21 (three 21st chromosomes) best describes

Back 40

down syndrome

Front 41

Which combination of sex chromosomes is not possible in a living human being?

Back 41

A single Y chromosome

Front 42

John and Wayne have the exact same genes. This indicates that they must be

Back 42

monozygotic twins

Front 43

As dizygotic twins, Jewel and Bjork

Back 43

share about half of their genes

Front 44

Monozygotic is to dizygotic as

Back 44

one egg is to two eggs

Front 45

Despite being raised in two very different environments, identical twins Tina and Gina receive a similar score on a shyness scale. These results suggest that correlation between genetics and shyness is

Back 45

small

Front 46

____ occurs when an individual intentionally seeks out an environment that matches characteristics driven by his or her genes

Back 46

Niche-Picking

Front 47

Low birth weight can most effectively be prevented through

Back 47

regular prenatal care

Front 48

Infant mortality rate is defined as the percentage of infants who die

Back 48

before their first birthday

Front 49

Jamal was born 34 weeks after he was conceived and weighed 6 pounds. Jamal is best described as

Back 49

preterm and normal birth weight

Front 50

The cutoff between normal and low birth weight is about

Back 50

5.5 pounds

Front 51

Postpartum depression

Back 51

may be reduced via breast-feeding

Front 52

What is expelled during afterbirth

Back 52

placenta

Front 53

While observing a special monitor, a physician tells an expectant mother, "As you can see, the legs and arms have just begun to emerge." From this description, you should realize that the two are looking at a(n)

Back 53

fetus

Front 54

A woman who consumes alcohol ___ has the greatest risk of giving birth to a baby with fetal alcohol syndrome.

Back 54

moderately and consistently

Front 55

Jeffrey is a three-year-old who is beginning to make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. According to Wellman, Jeffrey is developing

Back 55

a theory of mind

Front 56

If Donna is a normal three-year-old, her definition of herself will consist largely of her

Back 56

possessions

Front 57

Recent research indicates that newborns have a natural attraction for tracking a

Back 57

moving face

Front 58

When Sheila uses motion to determine the depth of an object, she is using a ___ cue.

Back 58

Kinetic

Front 59

A visual cliff is designed to assess

Back 59

depth perception

Front 60

About how old will an infant be when it can perceive the same colors adults perceive?

Back 60

4 months old

Front 61

Newborns

Back 61

can perceive few colors

Front 62

Dr. Quillan is measuring the point at which an infant can no longer differentiate between a striped-patterned stimulus and a gray square. Dr. Quillan is probably attempting to measure the infant's

Back 62

visual acuity

Front 63

Marcie sings the same lullaby to her infant son every night because she believes he has learned to recognize it. Does recent research support her claim?

Back 63

Yes. Her son could be able to recognize a particular lullaby

Front 64

Nathan suddenly lets out a high-pitched cry, lowers his eyebrows, and purses his lips. You would be safest in assuming that Nathan is

Back 64

experiencing pain

Front 65

The process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses is referred to as

Back 65

perception

Front 66

Because Akosua is a typical nine-month-old, she is most likely to use

Back 66

her right and left hands interchangeably

Front 67

Tomomi has mastered balancing, stepping, and the perceptual skills necessary to negotiate her way around. Putting all these skills together to enable her walk is a process called

Back 67

integration

Front 68

Twelve-month-old Callum is barely able to walk a few steps before losing his balance and falling down. What is the term that best describes Callum's current ability to move around?

Back 68

Differentiation

Front 69

What would be the best example of a fine motor skill?

Back 69

feeding yourself with a spoon

Front 70

Blane deals with people who have suffered some sort of brain damage, helping them try to use different areas of the brain that perform functions that were previously performed by the areas that are now damaged. Blane's specialty would be best described as

Back 70

neuroplasticity

Front 71

While observing brain activity, Dr. Smith proclaims, "This brain is definitely experiencing a downsizing in the number of connections between neurons." This indicates that the brain Dr. Smith is studying is undergoing

Back 71

synaptic pruning

Front 72

Each neuron contains many ____ but only one ___.

Back 72

dendrites; cell body

Front 73

Terminal buttons are located on which part of the neuron?

Back 73

the end of the axon

Front 74

Yvette is a malnourished child. If her parents are typical, they will probably

Back 74

interact less with Yvette because she is so lethargic

Front 75

UNICEF estimates that about one in __ children under age five suffers from malnutrition.

Back 75

four

Front 76

If a baby is breast-fed, it is more likely to

Back 76

transition to solid food more easily

Front 77

Maria is a typical, healthy one-year-old who weighs 24 pounds. Which is the best estimate of her birth weight?

Back 77

8 pounds

Front 78

Carla is researching temperament by determining how often different babies exhibit irritability and anger. Which dimension of temperament is Carla assessing?

Back 78

Negative Affect

Front 79

The "Back to Sleep" campaign was aimed a reducing

Back 79

SIDS

Front 80

Which statement concerning co-sleeping is accurate?

Back 80

It can reduce the need for elaborate rituals aimed at having children sleep in their own rooms

Front 81

Five-day-old Max has his eyes closed and a breathing pattern that alternates between regularity and irregularity. This indicates that he is currently in the ___ newborn state

Back 81

sleeping

Front 82

Pain cries can usually be differentiated from basic or mad cries by their

Back 82

sudden onset

Front 83

Two-month-old Joanne is lying quietly with her eyes wide open and appears very interested in a toy dangling in front of her face. Joanne is exhibiting

Back 83

alert inactivity

Front 84

NOT an Apgar factor

Back 84

Size

Front 85

NOT an example of newborn reflex

Back 85

Thinking

Front 86

A ____ is best described as any unlearned response triggered by a specific form of stimulation

Back 86

reflex

Front 87

Donnie slipped his little finger into the hand of his newborn infant, who immediately grasped onto it. The infant was exhibiting the ___ reflex

Back 87

palmar

Front 88

If you were going to check for the Babinski reflex in a newborn, which part of the newborn's body would you be observing?

Back 88

Toes