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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Several differences that affect the way we interact with other people |
sex and gender sexual orientation race and ethnicity age social class |
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a person's sex is determined by |
biology |
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Gender differences |
reflect learned behavior that is culturally associated with being a man or a woman |
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Gender Role definitions are |
flexible |
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Gender |
socially learned and reinforced characteristics that include one's biological sex and psychological characteristics |
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Men tend to talk |
in order to accomplish something or to complete a task |
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Women more likely use conversation to |
establish and maintain relationships |
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Race |
genetically transmitted physical characteristics of a group of people |
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Ethnicity |
social classification based on nationality, religion, language, and ancestral heritage, shared by a group of people who also share a common geographical origin |
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Cues we use to identify class distinctions |
way of life family job money education |
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Principles that describe how social classes emerge from society |
1. Virtually every organization or group develops a hierarchy that makes status distinctions 2 We are more likely to interact with people from our own social class 3. People who interact with each other over time tend to communicate in similar ways 4. members of a social class develop ways of communicating class differences to others by using visible symbols of social class 5. It is possible to change one's social class |
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Culture |
learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people |
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Worldview |
individual perceptions or perceptions by a culture or group of people about key beliefs and issues |
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Co-culture |
a distinct culture within a larger culture |
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Enculturation |
the process of transmitting a group's culture from one generation to the next |
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Six dimensions of culture |
individualism VS collectivism emphasis on the surrounding context VS little emphasis on context masculine values VS feminine values degree of tolerance for uncertainty approaches to power short or long term approaches to time |
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Individualistic Cultures value |
individual achievement and personal accomplishment |
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Collectivistic Cultures value |
group and team achievement |
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Cultural Context |
aspects of the environment and or nonverbal cues that convey information not explicitly communicated through language |
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High Context Culture |
culture in which people derive much information from nonverbal and environmental cues |
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Low Context Culture |
culture in which people derive much information from the words of a message and less information from nonverbal and environmental cues |
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Cultures in which people need certainty to feel secure are more likely |
to create and enforce rigid rules for behavior and to develop more elaborate codes of conduct |
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People from cultures with a greater tolerance for uncertainty have |
more relaxed, informal expectations for others |
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Societies with a more centralized power distribution generally value |
greater power difference between people |
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Societies with a more decentralized power distribution tend to |
minimize differences in power between people
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People from a culture with a long term orientation to time |
place an emphasis on the future and implies a greater willingness to subordinate oneself for a larger purpose |
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A culture that tends to have a short term time orientation |
values spending rather than saving, tradition, and preserving face of both self and others |
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Barriers to Effective Intercultural Communication |
ethnocentrism different communication codes stereotyping and prejudice assuming similarities assuming differences |
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Ethnocentrism |
belief that your cultural traditions and assumptions are superior to those of others |
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Specific Strategies to avoid being ethnocentric |
be mindful avoid stereotypes separate the politics from the person communicate interpersonally rather than impersonally |
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Stereotype |
to place a person or group of persons into an inflexible all encompassing category |
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Prejudice |
a judgement or opinion of someone formed before you know all of the facts or the background of the person |
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Intercultural Communication Competence |
ability to adapt one's behavior toward another in ways that are appropriate to the other person's culture |
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You enhance your intercultural competence by becoming |
knowledgeable, motivated, and skilled |
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To increase your knowledge of others who are different from you |
you can actively seek information about others ask questions and listen for the answers establish common ground |
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Contact Hypothesis |
the more contact you have with someone who is different from you, the more positive regard you will have for that person |
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Third Culture |
common ground established when people from separate cultures create a third, new more comprehensive and inclusive culture |
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3 strategies can help you improve your acceptance and appreciation of others who are different from you |
tolerate ambiguity be mindful avoid negative judgements |
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Mindful |
to consciously acknowledge that there is a connection between thoughts and deeds when you interact with a person from a background different from your own |
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Skills underlying being inter culturally competent are the abilities |
to be flexible to be other oriented to adapt your communication to others |
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Social Decentering |
cognitive process in which we take into account another person's thoughts, feelings, values, background, and perspective |
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Communication Accommodation Theory |
theory that all people adapt their behavior to others to some extent |
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Adapt Predictively |
to modify or change behavior in anticipation of an event |
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Adapt Reactively |
to modify or change behavior after an event |
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4 Reason you may adapt your communication with someone |
information perceived behavior history communication context |
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How do we adapt to others |
by the topic and level of intimacy of your conversation by how you explain or describe something by withholding or avoiding information by your use of examples, comparisons, and analogies by through your choice of language |
