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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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metal + non-metal bond?
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ionic
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non-metal + non-metal bond?
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covalent
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equation for # shared pairs
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SP = (1/2) [ER - VE]
ER = e- for octet VE = valence e- |
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for polyatomic ions: (VE)
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NH4^1+ --> subtract 1 from VE
SO4^2- --> add 2 VE |
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formal charge equation
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FC = VE - (NB + 1/2BE)
NB = non-bonding e- BE = bonding e- |
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σ molecular orbitals
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*max e- density along internuclear axis
*can form σ bonds with p or s single bond 1 σ double bond 1 σ 1 Π triple bond 1 σ 2 Π |
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Π molecular orbitals
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*mix p (or d) orbitals that are parallel
*e- denisty greater betewen nuclei BUT above and below internuclear axis |
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rank bonds in polarity
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single bond:
-weaker -smaller bond E -longer bond triple bond: -stronger -larger bond E -shorter bond |
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gas
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random motion throughout container. molecules apart.
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liquid
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random motion throughout volume. molecules touching
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solid
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oscillation around fixed positions. "molecules" touching
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Kinetic Energy (KE) equation
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KE = (1/2)mv^2
v = avg. speed m = mass avg. KE = thermal temperature |
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ideal gas law
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PV = nRT
pressure, volume, temp. n= # of moles |
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as pressure ____, volume ____
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as pressure goes up, volume goes down
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as pressure ____, temp ____
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as pressure goes up, temperature goes up
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as volume ____, temp ____
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as volume goes up, temperature goes up
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if a molecule is nonpolar, it has _____ force(s).
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If a molecule is nonpolar, it has dispersion force.
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If a molecule is polar, it has ____ force(s).
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If a molecule is polar, it has dispersion, dipole-dipole.
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If a molecule is polar and has N-H, O-H, F-H bonding, it has _____ force(s).
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If a molecule is polar and has N-H, O-H, F-H bonding, it has dispersion, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding.
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If a molecule is symmetrical, it is _____.
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If a molecule is symmetrical, it is NONPOLAR.
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If a molecule is asymmetrical, it is _____.
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If a molecule is asymmetrical, it is POLAR.
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boiling occurs when _____.
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boiling occurs when vapor pressure = external pressure.
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as boiling point ____, vapor pressure _____.
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As boiling point goes up, vapor pressure goes down.
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to find the higher boiling point, you look at _____.
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To find the higher boiling point, you look at the molecule's Lewis Structure. From the Lewis Structure you can find out whether or not it is symmetrical/asymmetrical. Then you can determine the different molecular bonds the molecule has. The more the bonds, the higher the boiling point. (the more the bonds, the lower the vapor pressure.)
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Simple Cubic Unit Cell (SC)
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*8 corners
corner atoms = 1/8 inside |
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Body Centered Cubic Cell (BCC)
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*8 corners and a middle.
corner atoms = 1/8 inside. body atom = all inside |
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Face Centered Cubic Cell (FCC)
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*each face and corners
*face atoms = 1/2 inside corner atoms = 1/8 inside *best packing efficiency. LESS void space |
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density = _____/_____
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Density = mass/volume (length^3)
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sodium chloride structure
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coordination # 6. poor for packing equal sized spheres
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cesium chloride structure
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CsCl adopts this structure. The coordination # = 8
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